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看守所立法突与围:“侦羁合一”体制病灶何时除

2017-07-09 17:56:38   

在案例分析中可见,作为奖励,一些公安机关会为这些“线人”提出减刑、假释的申请,或对其作出其他方面的宽大处理。

因“狱侦耳目”深挖犯罪导致的大案时有发生。2009年2月12日,因涉嫌盗伐林木罪被羁押于云南省昆明市晋宁县看守所的李荞明意外死亡。警方称,死亡原因为李与狱友玩“躲猫猫”以头撞墙。

近一个月后,云南省政府公布该事件司法调查结果:李荞明在看守所内受“牢头”施虐和体罚,导致死亡。两名看守所民警因玩忽职守罪和虐待被监管人罪领刑。

“躲猫猫”之后,“激动死”、“睡觉死”、“喝水死”等一系列看守所非正常死亡事件,激起舆论对看守所制度的不满。

诸多学者认为,看守所的非中立性是问题的根源。樊崇义指出,在他对近年发生的34起冤假错案的分析,“案案都有刑讯逼供”,根本原因是看守所与公安机关侦查职能混同,因此需要切除看守所从属于公安侦查机关的体制纽带,抑制权力滥用的投机性。

近日,在京都律师事务所主办的“司法职权的优化配置与《看守所法》的修订”研讨会上,中华全国律师协会刑事专业委员会主任田文昌指出,在近年舆论高压下,看守所对管理进行了较大调整,但诸如刑讯逼供等各类看守所负面消息仍频频出现,“顽症”并没有从根本上得到遏制。

 症结待决

就隶属关系,草案第6条规定,国务院公安部门主管全国看守所工作,县级以上地方人民政府公安机关主管本行政区域看守所工作。草案沿用原条例规定,看守所仍属于公安部门管辖。

侦羁分离并保证看守所的中立性,是近年来司法界的共识。

实际上,公安系统内部也认可看守所的中立化操作。公安部门在近些年的实践中,侦羁在系统内部已实现分离,看守所领导须由非主管侦查的副局长担任。

“内部侦羁分离,无法使看守所做到真正意义上的中立。”中国政法大学诉讼法学研究院教授吴宏耀举例说,《看守所条例》第28条已规定了家属通信、会见的权利,但在司法实践中,公安部门基本不会让家属会见。

身为全国政协委员,侯欣一多年向全国政协提交提案,建议将看守所从公安部门分离,转隶给司法行政部门管辖。侯欣一认为,尽管草案在犯罪嫌疑人人权保障、羁押必要性审查以及会见制度等方面吸收了现行刑事诉讼法精神,如不解决归属问题,草案新增权利最后在司法实践中能得到多大层面的执行,需要考量。

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