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看守所立法突与围:“侦羁合一”体制病灶何时除

2017-07-09 17:56:38   

多位参与草案讨论会的专家透露,在隶属问题上,各方讨论激烈。

2012年3月8日,时任全国政协社会和法制委员会主任、曾任司法部部长的张福森在讨论《刑事诉讼法》修正案草案时表示,如果“侦羁合一”制度不改,很难完全杜绝冤假错案,建议废除这一制度。此后公安部起草《看守所法》的过程中,对于看守所的管辖问题没有放手。

陈永生对《财经》记者表示,《看守所法》起草工作,应该由人大常委会下属专门法律委员会负责,“由公安部负责起草,难免有部门倾向”。

但公安部监管局相关人士认为,相对监狱,看守所监管更为复杂,公安部门更有经验,且当前公安部门对看守所的职能和定位已经做了较大转变,取得了诸多成绩。

看守所转隶也有前例可循。北京大学法学院教授陈瑞华指出,将看守所转隶司法行政部门,与当年监狱整体从公安机关转由司法行政机关控制一致。此外,目前正在进行的国家监察体制改革,将贪污贿赂和渎职案件的刑事侦查权,整体从检察机关逐步移交监察部门,为看守所转隶提供了现实探索。

草案正在向全社会公开征求意见,众多法学者、律师都在就草案提交意见,建议《看守所法》解决其归属这一前置性问题,实现侦羁分离,摆脱侦羁合一的体制性弊端。

近日,旨在推动证据合法化,关于严格排除非法证据的司法政策出台,司法改革逐步深入执法程序,或为推动看守所制度更大幅度改革提供契机。

2017年6月27日,最高法院、最高检察院、公安部、国家安全部、司法部联合发布了《关于办理刑事案件严格排除非法证据若干问题的规定》(下称《规定》),从侦查、起诉、辩护、审判等方面明确非法证据的认定标准和排除程序。

《规定》指出,羁押人在看守所被侦查阶段,以刑讯逼供、威胁、引诱、欺骗等收集的证据、非法限制人身自由方法收集的供述、重复性的自白都属非法证据。

对此,侯欣一表示,在当前看守所侦羁合一的体制下,如果使用刑讯逼供手段,在看守所封闭的空间内,鉴定非法证据难度会非常大。

陈永生也认为,《规定》是事后惩戒机制,通过《看守所法》来解决侦羁合一的体制困局,属事前预防机制,事后惩戒机制因牵涉利益复杂,纠错难度巨大。因此,解决看守所体制性问题,对公正审判更具意义。

(《财经》记者熊平平/文李恩树/编辑)

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