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洞庭湖鄱阳湖枯水期延长 滥采乱挖非法排污加剧
2017-06-15 03:06:40 经济参考报
受访专家谈到,对于洞庭湖、鄱阳湖这样的“温暖浅水湖泊”来说,富营养化是一种最终可能演变成“癌症”的水体“肥胖症”,不仅导致饮用水源受到严重威胁,水域生态功能如鱼类产卵场、生物栖息地、游泳或娱乐功能也面临丧失威胁。
据了解,目前,虽然洞庭湖、鄱阳湖富营养化程度相对中东部其他大型淡水湖泊要轻一些。但洞庭湖依然受总磷、总氮、粪大肠杆菌等污染问题困扰,一些水域狭窄、水交换不畅的水域水质还在恶化。东洞庭湖近年来已达到中富营养化状态并出现局部蓝藻水华,存在暴发蓝藻水华风险;鄱阳湖水质总体尚未完全摆脱下降趋势,水系一些河流Ⅰ、Ⅱ类水所占河流长度有下降苗头。
还有专家认为,洞庭湖、鄱阳湖沉积物中积累了大量营养盐,内源污染负荷不小。长期低水位加上风浪扰动使湖体沉积物与水体的营养盐交换十分频繁,能够迅速补偿水华暴发期间的营养盐需求。随着湖水变浅、水域变小,上述问题若得不到应有重视,就可能面临恶化危险。从目前的情况看,代表富营养化的浮游藻型生态系统有变得越来越稳定、越来越顽固的趋势。
有专家认为,长期枯水导致两湖环境净化功能、水量调蓄功能等都在不断降低。湖泊退化导致其所在地区水文格局和区域气候发生变化,进而导致这些地方生态承载能力、抗干扰能力、可恢复能力降低,最终可能导致生物多样性减少乃至丧失、多样性基因和各种化学元素灭绝、生物多样性相互作用永远消失等生态灾难。
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