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媒体称世纪末中国人口降破10亿 人口越少越好吗?

2016-07-05 05:37:49   第一财经网

原标题:世纪末中国人口降破10亿引热议“人少”是好是坏?

第一财经网上周刊发的报道《本世纪末中国人口会比现在少一半?》引发读者热议,仅在搜狐首页就有上万条评论。中国的人口多,过去为经济发展提供了充足的劳动力,如果人口数量真的如个别预测那样下降那么多,会给中国带来什么样的影响?

人口枯荣决定国家命运

长期研究宏观经济与人口关系、从业于对冲基金行业的学者黄文政发现,人口的规模和结构与创新创业乃至经济持续发展关系密切。他认为,中国近几十年的高速发展,得益于庞大的人口规模,特别是1960到1990年初出生的大量人口。人口众多能促成细分、多样化、竞争激烈的更大市场,也是庞大人才规模的基础。

“中国高铁就是凭借着世界第一的市场规模开发出了顶尖的技术;中国互联网公司也凭借世界第一的市场规模走在了世界前列。但长期低生育率导致的人口快速老化和急剧萎缩将会严重削弱中国的优势。”黄文政说。

人口枯荣往往决定一个国家和地区的命运。有人口学者认为,东北地区目前在长期人口颓势下出现的经济停滞并不是一个偶然现象。

南京大学人口学者陈友华表示,从过去几十年人口与经济发展的互动关系看,中国人口正在从过去推动经济发展的动力变成一个重要的抑制因素。未来养老、适婚年龄人口性别比失衡等问题都是中国必须面对的挑战。

认识人口新常态

第一财经记者采访多位人口学者发现,对于中国人口在世纪末将会衰减这样一个预判,人口学者基本认同,只是说到底衰减到什么程度,还没有统一定论。

陈友华认为,人口预测基于对生育率等因素的假设,有很大的不确定性。过去没有一个学者预测准了上个世纪70年代以来生育率的变化。人口预测的效应更重要的是警示作用,提醒我们提前应对,如果等到结果发生再去调整对策,那就太晚了。

山西省社会科学院人口研究中心主任谭克俭认为,预测人口数量需要注意的是,影响生育的因素很多,特别是中国的传统文化影响力也不可小觑。但二胎是一个重要的点,就是说,生二胎可能有较大比例的人口,但生多胎的即使全面放开也不会很多。

“以这样的思路,2100年的中国人口不会少到那个程度(注:即6亿)。还有就是国家鼓励生育政策的作用,如果力度大,对生育二胎也还是有作用的。”谭克俭说。

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