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中国药品审批“大塞车”:药品审评业务员仅70人

2016-06-08 01:14:24   法制网

而拿到新药临床试验批文,对于药企来说,也仅仅只是一个开始。

“新药生产审批的批文耗时会更久。”全国政协委员、中科院院士、上海市科协主席陈凯先对此直言,“我们现在一个药要上临床,实验室做完后,要拿到医院去使用、评价,从一期到三期临床,这个过程每期都要审批一次。”

与此同时,在他面前,每天都有大量恶性肿瘤病人死亡,但或许能够挽回他们生命的新药却还在审批的路上。

“美国前几年有一个治疗黑色素瘤的药物,只用了三个半月就审批完成,而这在国内目前还无法实现。”陈凯先对此始终无法释怀,“我们从2005年开始做的动物实验,到现在还在二期临床阶段。”而在他的预计里,这一新药至少要在2017年底才能投入应用。

这期间是漫长的12年。

仿制药质量堪忧

在药品审批中,除新药外、仿制药占据了中国大部分市场。

“现在我们手上在审的21000个品种,90%是化药仿制药,其中有8个品种,100多家企业在同时申报。”提及药品审评积压的现状,吴浈报出了一系列数字。“审评积压很大程度上是因为中国仿制药标准不高,且企业重复申报现象严重。”

长期以来,由于中国自主研发药品能力弱,国内药企只能仿制其他国家已经过了专利保护期的专利药,生产替代药品。

但根据中国推行已久的仿制药质量标准,仿制药只需和原研药在活性成分、外观、形状上一致,对于给药途径、剂量、使用条件和临床效果的要求则不明确。

“如果找不到原研药,药企可以国内已经上市的其他仿制药作为仿制对象。”清华大学法学院院长王晨光曾对媒体表示,“低标准”直接导致了药品质量差,药企进入门槛低等问题。

2007年,食药监总局公布新版《药品注册管理办法》,要求仿制药与被仿制药具有相同的活性成份、给药途径、剂型、规格和相同的治疗作用。

该项标准提高了仿制药的仿制标准,但未言明仿制药的仿制对象是否必须是原研药,且仍规定“对已上市药品改变剂型、改变给药途径、增加新适应症的药品注册按照新药申请的程序申报”。

“改变给药途径、改变剂型按理说不算新药,但按照新药的程序申报,占用了药品评审中心大量的人力、物力。”王晨光表示。

其后,对于2007年《药品注册管理办法》实施前的仿制药,食药监总局已于2012年启动“质量一致性评价”,但关于“一致性”的争议一直存在。

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