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外交部回应“中国不执行南海仲裁违反国际法”
2016-05-13 08:47:00
外交部网站
先看客观联系。众所周知,中国历来是对整个南沙群岛主张领土主权,南沙群岛的每一个岛、礁、滩、沙,作为南沙群岛的组成部分,都属于中国的陆地领土。而菲律宾请求仲裁庭裁定美济礁、仁爱礁、渚碧礁、南熏礁、西门礁等是低潮高地,本身不产生任何海洋权益。这完全是一个障眼法。
根据国际法,岛礁的海洋权利主体是岛礁所属的国家,而非岛礁本身。每一项海洋权利都与国家有明确关联,《公约》在规范领海、毗连区、专属经济区和大陆架制度时,明确将这些海洋权利赋予相关海域的“沿海国”。脱离了国家主权,不先行决定哪个国家是“沿海国”,空谈岛礁的地位和权利问题没有任何意义,这也不构成国家间真实的争端,国际法上没有这样的先例。此外,低潮高地能否被据为领土本身就是一个领土主权问题。如我刚才所说,主权问题不在《公约》调整范围之内,也自然不属于《公约》的解释和适用问题。所以客观上讲,岛礁的法律地位及其海洋权利跟主权问题是无法切割的。
菲律宾提请仲裁的事项与中菲海域划界之间更是存在密不可分的联系。根据国际法,确定岛礁法律地位及其海洋权利与海域划界密不可分,前者显然属于与海域划界相关的事项。但仲裁庭为了证明菲律宾诉求不属于中国2006年声明所排除的范围,罕见地声称这两者是可分的。这种“切割”的做法,不仅不符合普遍的国际法实践,甚至与这个仲裁庭中两位仲裁员在他们以往学术著作中一贯所持的观点也不一致。两位仲裁员此前一直认为岛礁法律地位及其海洋权利与海域划界之间相互关联,这次突然颠倒立场,恐怕需要给世人一个可信的解释。
下面,我们看一下菲律宾提起仲裁的真实目的到底是什么。大量证据表明,菲律宾提起南海仲裁案的真实目的就在于否定中国对南沙岛礁的领土主权,并将其非法窃取中国南沙岛礁的行为合法化。在这里,我就举一个例子。2013年1月23日,也就是菲律宾启动仲裁程序的第二天,菲律宾外交部发布一份仲裁程序问答文件,其中明确将案件的目的描述为“保护我们国家的领土和海洋区域”,声称不要“放弃我们的国家主权”。菲律宾这样的表态还有很多。可见,尽管在仲裁庭面前,菲律宾对其诉求进行了一些技术上的包装,使它表面上看起来没有直接提到主权这个词,但是明眼人、内行人一眼就可以看出这只是一种诉讼伎俩,说不上光明正大,也谈不上有多高明。菲律宾其实早已把自己的真实意图很露骨地讲出来了,为什么仲裁庭还装作听不见,还要替菲律宾掩饰?
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