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外交部回应“中国不执行南海仲裁违反国际法”

2016-05-13 08:47:00    外交部网站

 二、英国广播公司:第一个问题是,不管这个仲裁庭有没有管辖权,以及结果有没有法律效力,您认为仲裁庭有没有可能作出对中国有利的决定?第二个问题是,对于普通的不那么懂国际法的人来讲,在地图上看,南海的争议区域离菲律宾很近,比离中国更近,所以在普通人看来,可能菲律宾的论据更强一些。

徐宏:关于第一个问题,我们当然没有办法来预判仲裁庭会作出什么样的仲裁裁决,对谁更有利,这个我们不知道。也许有些国家知道,反正我们现在不知道。但是法律上有一个基本的原则,就是仲裁庭如果要审一个案件,不管最终你作出什么样的裁定,首先你得有管辖权。如果没有管辖权,你后面所有的行为都没有根基。如果它没有管辖权,一切行为,包括它最终作出的所谓裁决,都是无源之水,无本之木。这个在法律上没有什么意义。

关于第二个问题,我觉得稍微懂一点法律的人都知道,一个国家对某一个陆地是不是享有主权,跟它与本土的距离好像没什么关系。中国对南海诸岛的主权是在历史上形成的,长期以来也得到国际社会的认同。所以你说的这个观点,我觉得不是一个国际法的观点。谢谢。

三、中央电视台:我有两个问题,第一个是中国说菲方所提仲裁事项的实质是南海部分岛礁的领土主权问题,但菲律宾并没有要求仲裁庭就主权问题作出决定,仲裁庭在去年10月29日就管辖权问题作出的裁决中也认为菲律宾所提仲裁事项不属于主权争端,为什么要相信中方的一面之词?

第二个问题,有人说,仲裁庭有没有管辖权不应该由中方说了算,而是应该由仲裁庭说了算。仲裁庭是按照《联合国海洋法公约》适当成立的,仲裁庭成立后的程序是完整的、独立的、透明的,而仲裁庭已经对管辖权问题作出了决定,认为它对案件有管辖权,因此,仲裁庭下一步所作出的裁决对中方有约束力,中方应该接受并执行,否则就是违反国际法,您怎么看?

徐宏:第一个问题十分重要,因为在该案中,如果菲律宾的诉求实质上涉及领土主权和海洋划界问题,仲裁庭当然就不能管辖。我们注意到,仲裁庭作出了一个与中方立场不一致的结论。要说明这个问题,我想用事实来说话。

仲裁庭在其管辖权裁决中自行设定了判断仲裁事项是否属于主权争端的标准。暂且不说这些标准是否全面、适当,即使按照仲裁庭自己设定的标准,它们得出的结论也是经不起推敲的。按照仲裁庭的标准,要确定菲方诉求是否涉及主权问题,就要证明“处理菲律宾所提诉求会明示或默示地要求仲裁庭先行就主权问题做出决定”,或者“菲律宾提起诉求的实际目的在于提升菲律宾在中菲主权争端中的地位”。但是,仲裁庭在裁决中提出这个标准后,很快就直接接受了菲律宾“并未要求仲裁庭就主权问题作出决定”这一单方面说法。仲裁庭并没有就为何接受菲律宾的说法进行论证,也没有考察仲裁事项与领土主权的客观联系,更忽略了菲律宾提起仲裁的真实目的和仲裁案件的实际效果。

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