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外交部回应“中国不执行南海仲裁违反国际法”

2016-05-13 08:47:00    外交部网站

我们再看一下菲律宾诉求的实际效果又是怎样的。事实上,仲裁庭受理和认可菲律宾的诉求,将不可避免地对中国的领土主权产生实质性影响。菲方将南沙群岛进行“切割”,要求仲裁庭就南沙群岛的8个单独岛礁的法律地位及其海洋权利进行裁定。如果仲裁庭受理并且认可这样的诉求,实际上将否定中国将南沙群岛作为整体主张领土主权和海洋权利的立场。这一点,大家都看得很清楚。我注意到不少媒体也有分析,说一旦仲裁裁决出台,中国在南海的主权主张将受到限制。可谓是“司马昭之心,路人皆知”。难道作为专业人士的仲裁员反而看不到?

仲裁庭关于管辖权裁决的漏洞还有很多,很多理据都经不起推敲,由于时间关系,加上今天这个场合也不是学术报告会,我就不一一列举了。我想强调的是,中国并非不想和平解决与菲律宾的争端,但问题在于这种争端能不能通过强制仲裁的方式来解决,这里有很大的问号。对于关乎国家领土主权、海洋权利等重大敏感问题,很多国家都不接受通过第三方解决争端。因为这些问题涉及国家的核心利益,换作其他任何一个国家,也都不会接受一个并非由它自愿选择的第三方机制的管辖,也不会接受这种机制强加的解决方案。

关于你刚才提的第二个问题,其实我在前面已经谈过了。仲裁庭虽然可以自己判断有没有管辖权,但它不能为所欲为,必须按国际法,按《公约》,根据事实和法律作出判断。如果它不讲法,只是“作秀”,它的公信力就会有问题。

其实这个案子提醒我们,如何全面、准确并且秉持善意地理解和适用《公约》规定的强制仲裁程序,是一个需要国际社会共同关注的问题。如果今后别的国家都像菲律宾一样,通过对诉求进行“包装”,滥用强制仲裁程序;如果今后的仲裁庭也都像这个仲裁庭一样无视《公约》所建立的平衡,肆意越权裁判,那么不管什么样的案子,都有可能经过包装提交仲裁,结果是如同打开滥诉的“潘多拉之盒”,特别是世界上30多个国家根据《公约》所作的排除性声明都形同虚设,变成一张废纸。

如果出现这种情况,恐怕不是国际社会之福。这种做法不仅不会促进争端的和平解决,相反会伤害《公约》争端解决机制的信誉,《公约》所建立的国际海洋秩序也会遭到破坏。我们希望各国在看待这个问题时,不要仅仅看到这一时一事,而是要理智一点,要有一些长远的眼光。谢谢。

四、路透社:您刚才讲到中国在这个案件上并不孤立,但事实上支持中国的都是像斐济、老挝这样的小国,大多数西方国家并不接受中国政府的立场,而且似乎中国在舆论方面也处于相对弱势地位,中国打算如何加强舆论工作?允许外国记者到南海去参观采访是否会有助于改善舆论状况?谢谢。

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