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专家:北京大幅度消除重污染天气至少需要25年

2016-01-09 05:03:28    新京报

彭应登说,最新的北京农村散煤排放量显示,这300万至400万吨散煤,排放的PM2.5占全市的15%,氮氧化物占全市的9.4%,而排放的二氧化硫占全市的37.4%。他解释,二氧化硫占比高,意味着对空气质量的影响更大。

他认为,治理郊区散煤、劣质煤,只能借鉴发达国家的经验,因地制宜地采用多种清洁能源替代方式,例如太阳能、压缩天然气、地热和电能,切忌一刀切。压减郊区散煤如果落实到位,对北京空气改善效果应该在10%左右。

市环保局表示,2016年北京减排措施将聚焦“三大战役”,其中之一就是“改农村散煤”,将加大农村优质煤替换力度,加强对销售劣质煤的打击力度。

 3 北京燃煤治理能否独善其身

近年来,京津冀空气污染日益呈现区域性的特征。市环保监测中心主任张大伟介绍,北京发生的重污染一般分为三类,分别为传输型污染、积累型污染、特殊型污染。其中,传输型污染即以外来输送为主导。

数据显示,在北京的PM2.5来源中,区域传输占比约28%至36%。而在遭遇传输型的重污染时,区域传输的比例更是超过50%。

彭应登认为,燃煤治理北京不能独善其身,需要邻近的河北地区统一协同治理燃煤。

据了解,目前,河北燃煤总量约为3亿吨。彭应登坦言,燃煤协同治理的难度极大,主要因为河北高耗能与高污染的产业结构,以及以煤为主的能源结构,这在短时间内都很难调整优化到位。

他预计,河北基本优化调整到位至少需要10年以上。

 4 机动车治污是否仅指限行

谈及机动车污染治理,大家首先想到的更多是机动车单双号限行措施。实际上,机动车污染治理远不止此,是个综合性的治理措施。

市环保局介绍,目前北京机动车保有量已达560余万辆,年排放各项污染物70万吨左右。

截至目前,北京已发布近30个机动车排放地方标准,是全国制定机动车排放标准最多城市。这些地方标准严于国家标准或填补了国家标准空白。每执行一次新标准,单车污染将减少30%至50%。据悉,今年北京有望实施京六排放标准。

此外,改善车用油品质量、强化在用车排放监管体系、重点整治货运车辆的机动车排放执法、夜查大货车以及淘汰黄标车等,都是北京近几年采取的治理机动车排放措施。

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