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专家:北京大幅度消除重污染天气至少需要25年

2016-01-09 05:03:28    新京报

原标题:PM2.5浓度到2030年有望达国标

2015年,北京PM2.5年均浓度为80.6微克/立方米,同比下降6.2%,不过,仍超出国标(35微克/立方米)130%。2013年北京PM2.5年均浓度为89.5微克/立方米,2015年PM2.5浓度比2013年下降10%。

从1998年以来,北京连续采取了十六个阶段的大气污染治理措施。2013年,北京正式向PM2.5“宣战”,出台《北京市2013—2017清洁空气行动计划》,该五年计划从燃煤污染防治、机动车排放污染防治、工业及其他行业污染防治、扬尘污染防治等六大项提出84项治理措施,正式向主要污染物PM2.5“重拳出击”。2014年,北京发布最新污染源解析显示,在本地污染贡献中,机动车、燃煤、工业生产、扬尘为主要来源,也充分说明治理措施的有的放矢。

截至目前,北京在机动车、燃煤以及工业污染治理等方面取得了不少成效,同样也存在不少难题。官方表示,2030年,北京PM2.5年均浓度有望达到国标35微克/立方米。

专家表示,达到国标需要再减排80%左右,届时,重污染天将大幅度减少,而蓝天则会大大增加。

 1 燃煤给北京造成多大污染

数据显示,2015年北京燃煤消费总量为1200万吨。根据北京燃煤压减任务,2017年,北京燃煤消费总量预计将压减至1000万吨以内。

市环保局表示,在重污染天污染物早期快速累积过程中,燃煤是主要的污染来源。另外在采暖季,燃煤也是整个京津冀区域的最大污染来源。在北京本地的PM2.5污染来源中,燃煤占比22.4%,仅次于机动车,位列第二。

据市环保局,北京燃煤排放主要来自燃煤电厂、燃煤集中供暖、居民散烧等,而与燃煤直接相关的大气污染物就是二氧化硫。目前北京二氧化硫的浓度水平与南方沿海无采暖城市相当,浓度空间分布总体南高北低,其中南部郊区站最高,反映局地燃煤排放影响。数据显示,2015年北京市环境空气中二氧化硫年平均浓度为13.5微克/立方米,远优于国家标准,这也反映出北京多年治理燃煤取得了成效。不过,郊区和农村地区的散煤问题比较严重。

 2 散煤和劣质煤问题有多严重

市环保局副局长方力给出一组数据显示,在北京现有的1200万吨燃煤总量中,有300万至400万吨为散煤。这其中,就有不少劣质煤。

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