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最高法最高检明确7种特殊情形可申请国家赔偿

2016-01-08 03:57:25    京华时报

□释疑解惑

  1 被错误刑拘的赔偿范围和标准?

  拘了又放从拘留日起算赔偿

在实践中,对违法刑事拘留赔偿中的“违法”存在不同的认识。

刘合华表示,此次《解释》明确对公民采取刑事拘留措施后终止追究刑事责任的,无论是违反刑事诉讼法规定的条件还是程序,或是拘留时间超过刑事诉讼法规定的时限,国家都要承担赔偿责任。

刘合华介绍,对于数罪并罚的案件经再审改判部分罪名不成立,实践中存在监禁期限超出再审判决确定刑期的情形。

对此,有观点认为个罪改判无罪但非完全无罪,不属于无罪被羁押,不符合“无罪羁押赔偿”原则。《解释》对此争议问题予以明确,尽管被超期监禁的公民并非完全无罪,但由于其中的部分罪名已经不成立,针对这类具体个罪而言的超期羁押行为构成无罪羁押,应当予以赔偿。

此外,对于“符合依照刑事诉讼法规定的条件和程序对公民采取拘留措施,但是拘留时间超过规定时限的”,刑事拘留的人身自由赔偿金自拘留之日起计算。

2 被确定无罪后向谁索赔?

  向最后处理的机关申请赔偿

公安机关对公民采取刑事拘留措施后,检察机关又采取批准逮捕措施。或者对公民采取刑事拘留和逮捕措施后,审判机关曾作出有罪判决,在公民最终确定无罪的情形下,谁来进行赔偿?

对此,刘合华介绍,这在实践中由谁作为赔偿义务机关存在不同认识。

《解释》为了方便赔偿请求人申请国家赔偿,规范国家赔偿处理程序,采取赔偿义务机关后置设定方式,明确了以有罪方式作出过最后处理的国家机关为赔偿义务机关。

刘合华举例称,如对公民采取刑事拘留措施后又采取逮捕措施,国家承担赔偿责任的,作出逮捕决定的机关为赔偿义务机关。又如对公民采取拘留和逮捕措施后,法院一审判决有罪,二审发回重审后作无罪处理的,作出一审有罪判决的人民法院为赔偿义务机关。

3 赔偿标准有何变化?

  残疾赔偿高于民事赔偿标准

最高法赔偿委员会办公室副主任陈现杰介绍,过去大家都认为,《国家赔偿法》是有限赔偿,赔偿标准是偏低的。

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