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最高法最高检明确7种特殊情形可申请国家赔偿

2016-01-08 03:57:25    京华时报

原标题:久拖未果案 受害人可获国家赔偿

京华时报讯(记者王晓飞) 昨日,最高人民法院、最高人民检察院联合发布《关于办理国家赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》,明确了“疑罪从挂”案件(也称为久拖未果案件)受害人有取得国家赔偿的权利。也就是说,曾被采取刑事强制措施的公民,申请国家赔偿不再必须以“撤销案件、不起诉或者判决宣告无罪终止追究刑事责任”为前提。

最高法赔偿委员会办公室主任刘合华介绍,此次《解释》注重落实宪法尊重和保障人权的庄严承诺,强调的是权利救济理念。因此,在诸多条款设计上突出的是保护赔偿请求人的权利,强调规范国家机关要依法行使职权,要严格限制国家机关免责条款的适用。其中,司法解释最大的亮点是明确了特定情形下“疑罪从挂”案件的受害人有取得国家赔偿的权利。

根据《国家赔偿法》第十七条规定,公民申请赔偿应当以“撤销案件、不起诉或者判决宣告无罪终止追究刑事责任”为前提。但是,对于上述久拖未果案件,由于未作出刑事案件终止追究刑事责任的决定,当事人很难得到国家赔偿。

据刘合华介绍,在调研和就该《解释》召开的多次座谈会上,全国各地与会代表和专家都反映,刑事诉讼过程中久拖未果的案件在各地普遍存在,亟须对“终止追究刑事责任”的内涵与外延进行明确,对公民申请国家赔偿的程序性权利予以保障。据此,《解释》将七种特殊情形认定为国家赔偿中的“终止追究刑事责任”。其中包括上述久拖未决案件。

刘合华称,当国家机关对公民的人身羁押或者财产进行查封、扣押、冻结的,在解除、撤销强制措施超过一年未移送起诉、作出不起诉决定或者撤销案件的;或者强制措施法定期限届满后虽未解除、撤销强制措施,但超过一年未移送起诉、作出不起诉决定或者撤销案件的;以及未采取取保候审、监视居住、拘留或者逮捕措施,国家机关对财产进行查封、扣押、解冻的立案后超过两年未移送起诉、作出不起诉决定或者撤销案件的,赔偿请求人有权依法申请国家赔偿获得权力救济。

刘合华说,《解释》的这一规定不仅保障了受害人取得国家赔偿的权利,而且能充分发挥国家赔偿制度的倒逼功能,将有效防止权力的滥用。

◎名词解释

“疑罪从挂”案件,也称为久拖未果案件。

通常来说,久拖未果案件是指,被解除撤销取保候审、监视居住、拘留、逮捕措施后,办案机关超过一年未移送起诉、作出不起诉决定或者撤销案件;取保候审、监视居住法定期限届满后,办案机关超过一年未移送起诉、作出不起诉决定或者撤销案件;人民检察院撤回起诉超过三十日未作出不起诉决定;人民法院决定按撤诉处理后超过三十日,人民检察院未作出不起诉决定。

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