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继中巴经济走廊,外媒又炒作中国介入印巴水资源战

2017-05-23 08:25:10   新华网

当印度声明用印巴印度河水条例维权时,中国公布将在夏布曲河上建造投资7.4亿美元的大坝计划。

印巴水资源之争

据美媒22日称分析,印度对巴基斯坦在克什米尔地区修建水电站的抗议并非单纯针对“一带一路”项目,其背后是长达几十年的印巴水资源控制权之争,而近来的情况显示,中国将会不可避免地被拖入这场“战争”当中。

印度河发源于中国境内的冈底斯山西麓,流经印度,经巴基斯坦后注入阿拉伯海(支流覆盖部分阿富汗)。根据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)的数据,印度河流域面积总共覆盖112万平方公里的土地,巴基斯坦占47%,印度占39%,中国占8%,阿富汗占6%。所以,有关印度河水资源使用的争议,主要是在印度和巴基斯坦之间展开的。

1947年印巴分治时,印度曾一度切断供应下游巴基斯坦旁遮普省运河水源,造成巴基斯坦农业受损,居民生活受到威胁。1949年印巴战争后,双方在克什米尔的分界线基本上按照实际控制线而固定了下来,印度河下游的广大流域都划归巴基斯坦,而上游的主干道和主要支流都在印控克什米尔境内。

两国为水资源归属问题不断争吵,巴基斯坦意识到,印度可以随时切断上游水流或人工修改河道,从而造成巴基斯坦的水资源短缺。面对这一国家战略性问题,巴基斯坦曾一度寻求上诉国际仲裁机构,但印度以“双边问题应由双边谈判”为由拒绝。

经过十几年的争论,在世界银行等国际机构的帮助下,印巴两国终于在1960年签署了《印度河用水条约》(Indus Waters Treaty),条约就印度河水资源使用、水利开发、争端解决机制等方面做了详细的规定,其主要内容就是规范了在印度河干流和上游五条主要支流(共六条)中,西部三条河流归巴基斯坦使用,东部三条归印度。

争端升级:印度威胁巴基斯坦断流

自《印度河用水条约》诞生以来,印巴双方基本遵守条约规定,经历了克什米尔地区大大小小十多次武装冲突和外交冷战,印巴两国都没有将领土争端延伸到破坏水资源共享的程度。

然而,随着经济发展,印度对水的需求量上升,印度政府也渐渐在水利规划等项目中,放松对条约的恪守程度。宏大的灌溉计划使得印度不仅在东部三条河的上游建设了众多水电站,还在西部归属巴基斯坦的支流上建造了电站。尽管印度对外声称,西部支流上的电站是径流式水电站,不影响下游水量,但巴基斯坦一直对此耿耿于怀。

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