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继中巴经济走廊,外媒又炒作中国介入印巴水资源战

2017-05-23 08:25:10   新华网

同时,巴基斯坦为了发展国内经济,也希望能够最大限度地开发印度河上游属于自己的水利资源。进入本世纪后,巴基斯坦规划了几座位于印度河上游的水电站项目,均遭到印度以各种借口进行的反对,一些项目由于印度干扰而、未获国际金融机构的融资而搁置。

去年9月,印巴在克什米尔地区争议升级,印度总理莫迪扬言,将考虑通过控制印度河上游水量对巴基斯坦进行报复。印度政府暂停了持续几十年的、由印巴双方共同参与的印度河水资源管委会年会,还威胁要重新审议、甚至废除《印度河用水条约》。

作为回应,巴基斯坦外交事务顾问阿齐兹(Sartaj Aziz)表示,印度如果废除《印度河用水条约》的话,巴基斯坦将会把这种行为看作是一种“战争行为”(Act of War),“或者是对抗巴基斯坦的敌意行为”。对此,有观察人士认为,印巴之间的冲突即将升级为另一种形式的战争 —— 水资源战争(Water War)。

中国在雅鲁藏布江的水利工程

就在印度政府表示要重新审议《印度河用水条约》后不久,中国宣布在西藏境内雅鲁藏布江上游的一条支流——夏布曲上进行暂时断流。中方表示,这是规划已久的拉洛水利枢纽工程的必要步骤,而且夏布曲支流的断流并不影响雅鲁藏布江进入下游国家的水量。但是,印度媒体对此反应强烈,无端质疑中国是在警告印度——不要以截流印度河水的方式来报复巴基斯坦。

雅鲁藏布江经过中国、印度、孟加拉国,三国之间多年来经协商产生了一个水资源分配的对话机制,任何修建水利工程的事情都需要三方协商才能实施。不过,夏布曲是雅鲁藏布江的支流,全长185公里水流都在中国境内,因此在夏布曲上修建水电站不需要与他国协商。

此前,印度曾对中国在雅鲁藏布江干流上修建、于2015年投入使用的藏木水电站表达过“关切”和“担忧”。由于夏布曲的断流工程,中国在雅鲁藏布江支流上还有三座计划中的水电站也在印度国内引起了恐慌。

第一邮报文章中指出,印度的水利专家们敦促印度政府,尽快与雅鲁藏布江流域国家协商一份用水条约,以保障印度东北部地区不受水源枯竭的威胁。印度理工学院环境中心的负责人Chandan Mahanta博士声称,中国建造的大坝性质不明,印度阿萨姆邦对中国计划表示质疑,一旦大坝建成,布拉马普特拉河(中称雅鲁藏布江)将成为季节性河流,印方需要对大坝对河流造成的影响做一次科学调查。据悉,中印有一个共享雅鲁藏布江水的协议,但没有正式条约,印度想要催促中国对此进行双边对话。

事实上,关于中国在雅鲁藏布江建设水利工程一事,中国外交部针对印度的“关切”已明确声明,中方对跨境河流开发利用一贯持负责任态度,实行开发与保护并举的政策,会充分考虑对下游地区的影响。规划中的有关电站不会影响下游地区的防洪及生态。在跨境河流问题上,中方与印方一直保持着沟通与合作。长期以来,中方从中印友好大局和人道主义精神出发,在向印方提供有关河流汛期水文资料和应急事件处理等方面做了大量工作,为下游的防洪减灾发挥了重要作用。实践证明,中印在水文报汛、应急事件处理方面的合作是有效的,渠道是畅通的。

外交部还强调,2013年中印签署《关于加强跨境河流合作的谅解备忘录》以来,双方通过专家级会议机制保持着良好沟通。2014年9月习近平主席访问印度期间双方发表的联合声明中,印方感谢中国向印度提供汛期水文资料和在应急事件处置方面提供协助。双方表示将通过专家级机制,继续开展跨境河流水文报汛、应急事件处置的合作。

责任编辑:孙鑫鑫 CN066
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