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美刊批俄火上浇油:纳卡冲突或演变为核战争

2016-11-29 10:12:54   参考消息

图为俄军“伊斯坎德尔”导弹部队吊装导弹。

不过据瑞典斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所统计,阿塞拜疆85%的军事装备同样来自俄罗斯。2010年到2014年,阿塞拜疆引进了多达40亿美元的俄罗斯武器。

过去10年来,亚美尼亚与阿塞拜疆之间偶然爆发的边界冲突逐步升级,到今年4月发展成了自停火以来最为血腥的战斗。两国都指责对方违反停火协议。阿塞拜疆动用步兵、坦克、武装直升机、无人机和炮兵,向纳卡前线发动全面进攻。战斗持续了4天,新停火协议使阿塞拜疆收获了小块领土。

亚美尼亚不可避免地注意到,袭击己方军队的米-35直升机、TOS-1“喷火坦克”和“龙卷风”火箭炮恰好来自表面上的盟友:俄罗斯。亚美尼亚国内因此出现了反俄思潮。

大多数观察家认为,除非局势有所改变,否则亚美尼亚与阿塞拜疆之间很可能爆发新一轮激烈冲突。双方都升级了军备物资。

最值得注意的动向是,亚美尼亚于今年9月展示了先进的“伊斯坎德尔”弹道导弹系统。俄罗斯只把这种导弹出口给了亚美尼亚。一些更有钱的国家,比如韩国,想要购买,但未能如愿。亚美尼亚总统谢尔日·萨尔基相声称,这些导弹是帮助亚美尼亚国防能力对抗阿塞拜疆财政能力的必要工具。这种逻辑得到了莫斯科的认同。

“伊斯坎德尔”导弹具有核能力。虽然乍看之下,认为一个只有300万人口的国家能够发展出核武器是一种荒唐的想法,但我们确实有担心的理由。亚美尼亚已经在梅察莫尔建有民用核电站,工作人员接受过核科学培训。除此之外,已经有太多亚美尼亚人因为妄图向国外走私铀材料遭到逮捕。

“伊斯坎德尔”导弹的外形近似于锥体,弹体表面能有效吸收雷达波,导弹起飞后迅速抛掉弹上突出物,从而降低了导弹的雷达波反射面积,使导弹具有了一定的隐身特性。

亚美尼亚和阿塞拜疆还拥有相对陈旧的“圆点”弹道导弹。虽然年纪不小,但“圆点”依然破坏力惊人。

俄罗斯还向两国出售了威力强大的火箭炮。由于火力范围较广,火箭炮有可能造成平民伤亡。有30套BM-30“龙卷风”火箭炮系统被卖给了阿塞拜疆,另有6套卖给了亚美尼亚。

与亚美尼亚不同,阿塞拜疆还能从其他国家得到军火。以色列向阿塞拜疆出售了多款无人机,最引人注目的要数自杀式无人机“哈比”。“哈比”无人机可以遥控操作,也可以在即发即弃模式下直接发射出去。

阿塞拜疆还炫耀说即将购买以色列先进的“铁穹”系统,用来击落敌方火箭弹和导弹。不过有分析师怀疑这笔交易能否成功,一是因为“铁穹”的造价,二是因为这套系统可能对付不了“伊斯坎德尔”导弹。

阿塞拜疆还有一位支持者是土耳其,这些国家的关系网因此变得更复杂了。阿塞拜疆陆军展示过土耳其“眼镜蛇”装甲车、ZPT防地雷车和土耳其罗克特桑公司生产的多款火箭炮。

不断升级的军备竞赛刺激亚美尼亚和阿塞拜疆通过军事手段解决纳卡问题。阿塞拜疆凭借更雄厚的财政能力构建起常规军力优势,认为足以将亚美尼亚军队赶出纳卡地区。另一方面,亚美尼亚相信可以利用“伊斯坎德尔”导弹摧毁阿塞拜疆境内的战略目标,认为“伊斯坎德尔”导弹是对付阿塞拜疆大举攻势的威慑力量。这些想法都不利于两国避免未来的冲突。(编译/刘子彦)

责任编辑:郭丽颖 CN045
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