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美刊批俄火上浇油:纳卡冲突或演变为核战争

2016-11-29 10:12:54   参考消息


图为“伊斯坎德尔”M战术导弹发射车资料图。

(原标题:美刊批俄火上浇油:纳卡冲突或演变为核战争)

参考消息网11月29日报道 美国《国家利益》网站11月21日发表题为《这是地狱般的军备竞赛(还有俄罗斯在火上浇油)》的文章,作者为塞巴斯蒂安·罗布兰,编译如下:

今年,一场令人担忧的军备竞赛升级到了战争的边缘。弹道导弹、武装直升机、多种火箭炮系统甚至核材料走私活动都被牵扯其中。

竞争双方是亚美尼亚和阿塞拜疆,而两国绝大部分先进武器均由俄罗斯提供。28年来,信奉伊斯兰教的阿塞拜疆与信仰基督教的亚美尼亚围绕纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫(纳卡)地区展开了激烈冲突。纳卡问题的历史根源可以追溯到第一次世界大战。从本质上讲,纳卡是个多元地区,居民以亚美尼亚族为主,其行政管辖权在苏联时期属于阿塞拜疆。1988年苏联尚未解体时,纳卡地方政府投票决定并入亚美尼亚共和国。一场政治冲突升级为全面常规战争,坦克、大炮和战机纷纷亮相。双方都犯下暴行,推动民族清洗。

俄罗斯军人和装备最初同时涌向冲突双方,但随着时间的推移,莫斯科渐渐站到了亚美尼亚一边。1994年公布停火协议前,已有3万多人死于战火。随后亚美尼亚控制了事实上的纳卡共和国,但后者没有得到国际社会承认。令人遗憾的是,战争的创伤仍在继续化脓溃烂,据信自停火协议公布以来已有3000多人死于零星交火。

看看两国今天的人口状况,你会发现这场冲突的奇妙本质。亚美尼亚人口约有300万,阿塞拜疆则逼近1000万。不仅如此,凭借丰富的石油财富,阿塞拜疆人均国内生产总值几乎是亚美尼亚的2倍。阿塞拜疆的国防预算甚至超过亚美尼亚国民预算总和。但凡正常的分析结论都会认为亚美尼亚在军事上处于极端劣势。然而,历来取得更多军事成果的却是亚美尼亚。

造成这一结果的因素之一显然是俄罗斯的支持。在那块中亚地区,俄罗斯是无可争议的霸主。时至今日,俄罗斯依然是亚美尼亚的亲密盟友。驻扎在亚美尼亚城市久姆里的5000名俄罗斯军人,以及庞大的军售规模,都是俄方支持的明显例证。

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