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揭秘:红军长征中“战略方向”的十三次大调整

2016-12-20 14:23:57   

第十三次确定落脚陕北。1935年9月18日,红军先头部队进驻没有国民党军守备的甘南小镇哈达铺(今属甘肃省宕昌县)。毛、洛、周、博等翻越岷山,于20日到达。当天,召开了中央政治局常委会。会后,毛、洛、博等读到一批报纸,主要是七八月间的天津《大公报》。这些报纸大多是两天前先头部队进入哈达铺时从当地邮局得到的。另外,红军侦察连在军阀鲁大昌部的一个少校军官的行李中也缴获了几份报纸。聂荣臻即送给了叶剑英。叶剑英即找红军总政治部白区工作部部长贾拓夫来核实情况。贾曾任中共陕西省委秘书长。贾看过报纸后很高兴,向叶谈了陕北红军活动的情况。叶即把这些报纸拿给彭德怀。彭看后即带着报纸找到毛泽东。毛、洛、博翻读报纸,真是喜出望外。他们从报纸上登载的消息确切地知道:陕北仍然有红军!有游击队!仍然有苏区根据地!而且比原来有很大的发展!这对于经过万水千山,最终从险境中冲出来的这支八千人的红军队伍来说,其欣喜是无法用言语来形容的。那么,到陕北落脚,在那里建立根据地——作出这个决定,便水到渠成!

9月22日,洛甫写下一篇“读报笔记”,题为《发展着的陕甘苏维埃革命运动》,将天津《大公报》上所披露的陕北苏区根据地和红二十五军、红二十六军等情况摘引并加以分析,在此基础上表达了中央红军前往陕北落脚的意向。洛甫认为:“红军与赤色游击队在陕甘两省内正在普遍地发展着”,“我们中国工农红军主力之一部,已经开始进入甘南的重要地区”。据此,他提出陕甘支队前进的方向和任务:“响应着陕甘红军和赤色游击队的活动”,“同二十五、二十六军及通南巴游击区取得配合,协同动作及汇合,并给在这个地区中开展着的游击运动以帮助、组织、领导”,完成8月20日毛儿盖会议决定提出的任务——“联系存在于陕甘边之苏维埃游击区域成为一片之苏区”。

9月22日下午毛泽东在陕甘支队团以上干部会上讲话,宣布党中央关于挺进陕北的行动方针。他指出:红军要抗日,“首先要到陕北去”。博古也根据报载材料写了《陕甘苏维埃运动的发展和我们支队的任务》一文,提出把发展着的陕西苏维埃运动转变为巩固的苏维埃根据地,是“我们支队的战略目标”。洛甫和博古的文章同时登在9月28日刚刚恢复出版的《前进报》第三期上。这两篇文章传递并解释了中央落脚陕北的意向。

1935年9月27日,洛甫在通渭县榜罗镇主持召开中央政治局常委会议,讨论了当前形势。会议认为应该改变俄界会议确定的行动方针,并正式决定到陕北去,在陕北保卫和扩大革命根据地,以陕北苏区来领导全国革命。由此,中央红军落脚陕北,陕北成为领导全国人民进行民族解放斗争的中心。

(作者为当代中国研究所原副所长、研究员)

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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