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据载,程冲斗走出少林寺后,由于花光了经商的本钱,害怕遭祖父的责备,所以很长一段时间不敢返回休宁老家。后来,他的父亲派人找到他,将之带回并关在汊口家中,不让他外出四处交游。此后,某次父亲出门经商,捎带上他作为助手。而其间经历的生死之险,让父亲对之刮目相看。当时,程父挟带巨赀前往北京,途中遭遇结伙抢劫的响马,程父吓得屁滚尿流,只能钻进草丛,默默祈求玄天上帝保佑。不过,随行的程冲斗却一人单打独斗,竟将数十名响马打得七零八落。对此,响马惊呼为神人,于是邀请父子二人上山,说是待宴请餐叙后即将行囊归还。武功高强的程冲斗自然并不在乎,于是随同上山。想来响马贼并不甘心,仍想伺机下手。大概是酒过三巡,门外忽然喧哗声起,身手敏捷的程冲斗迅急跃起,其状如飞鸟掠过檐间一样,一霎时便消失了身影。在座的诸位响马面面相觑,大惊失色。过了一会儿,程冲斗才若无其事回到座位上。经此一试身手,响马贼只得乖乖地交出行囊,送其父子上路。此次不仅是响马贼口服心服,连程父也大吃一惊,没有想到自己的儿子竟有这等武功。大概是出于商人的谨小慎微,程父从此对程冲斗严加看管,生怕其误入匪类,据《怀秋集》的描述,程冲斗后来是以商人的身份终其天年。
《怀秋集》一书现在是否尚存不得而知,但这段有关程冲斗的传奇故事保留在徐卓所辑的《休宁碎事》一书中。作为笔记,其中的情节往往生动有余而严谨不足。《怀秋集》不仅将程冲斗的姓名、字号记混(程宗猷字冲斗,《怀秋集》将姓名与字号混淆,记作“程宗斗”),而且也遗漏了他的不少生平事迹。其实,程冲斗的后半辈子并不完全是以商人终其天年,他在明代历史上有着重要的一席之地。走出少林寺后,他不仅拜异僧为师,而且还四方寻访益友,练就了绝世武功。在吸收众家之长后,独创一法,著有《少林棍法阐宗》,这应是与少林武术相关的重要典籍。
《少林棍法阐宗》共计三卷,其中卷上追溯了著名棍法的源流,并收录了小夜叉、大夜叉、阴手、破棍等棍法;卷中图、诀、文并茂,对棍式、枪式加以详细介绍;卷下则为“问答四十条”,对与少林棍法的相关问题作了解答。该卷首先以一问一答的形式,阐明“少林棍法”的宗旨。在问答中,问者设问――程冲斗的棍法已自成一派,亦可称为“程家棍”,何以仍需冠以“少林”二字?对此,答者以为:此棍法源自嵩山少林寺,冠以“少林”二字,实以明其渊源所自。
河南嵩山少林寺是中国少林武术的祖庭,隋末少林寺僧助唐太宗征讨王世充,俗称“少林寺十三棍僧救秦王”的故事一向脍炙人口。其后,少林寺遂以武术闻名遐迩。及至明代,出现了一种传说——元至正初年,红巾军围困少林寺,危难之际,原在厨下负薪烧火的僧人持一火棍挺身而出,大喊“吾乃紧那罗王也”,遂以拨火棍击退红巾军。故此,相传少林寺棍法源出紧那罗王,为神传之技。《少林棍法阐宗》卷上就有“大圣紧那罗王显神像”和“紧那罗王赞”,反映的就是少寺武术对紧那罗王菩萨的推崇。明万历九年(1581年),地理学家王士性游少林寺,看到寺内有四百余僧,每人皆有非凡武功,颇为感叹。当时,少林拳棍已蜚声远近。不过,此类武功的传承颇为神秘,举凡学习少林武术,必须亲自到少林寺方能如愿。根据程冲斗的自述,他自少年时代起就对军事武术颇感兴趣,一旦听闻名师,即便路途再远也要前去拜访。他挟赀游少林,前后练武十余年,初拜少林寺武僧之首——洪转为师学习棍法。洪转枪棍俱精,著有《梦绿堂枪法》一书传世。程冲斗又与宗想、宗岱两师习武练棒,以后还从法门高足广按谈拳论棒。因此,程冲斗将自己的棍法命名为“少林棍法”,实际上是在表明个人衣钵传承之有自。
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