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万历二十年(1592年),日本丰臣秀吉侵略朝鲜,明朝出兵援朝抗日,此役前后沿续了七年之久。为此,官府大批征召民间武士参战,故而屡次希望程冲斗出山教授武艺,但程氏似乎不为所动。他的绝世武功,看来主要还是为父辈经商保驾护航。不过,休宁知县斥之为“食肉麋、饱糟醴,无用之匹夫”。程氏受此刺激,方才毅然答应以身报国。

徽州民间传习的少林棍法,清抄本 资料图
本文摘自:澎湃新闻网,作者:王振忠,原题:徽商与少林武术
据说在明清时代,到少林寺习武者,首先得预交一笔押金,规定是用这笔押金的利息,给付个人在学期间的置衣和饮食开销。自己觉得学得差不多了,就从庙后夹弄内走出。门上有一些装有机关的土木偶,稍微一触碰,就会遭遇拳脚相加。习武者如果身手敏捷,功夫到家,可以应付裕如而无损伤的,就算是出道了。临行时,少林寺僧人设宴饯行,并返还起初所交的那笔押金——这是顺利通过者的待遇。如果未曾过关,那么就得回炉再造。有的人学了几年还不成功,只好跳墙逃出少林寺,当然,当初所交的那笔押金也就拿不回来了。上述所说的少林惯例,见诸近人徐珂的《清稗类钞》。而在另一种笔记《怀秋集》中,也有类似的说法,只是后书对失败者出路的安排更为苛刻——那些既打不散众木偶又想离开少林寺的,只能从狗洞里钻出去……
看来,少林寺的门槛很高,当年究竟有多少人是堂堂正正地走出少林寺,又有多少人是从狗洞中爬出去的,因文献不足征不得而知。不过,明代的程冲斗应当是顺利击倒木偶,光明正大地走出少林寺的。
程冲斗是徽州府休宁县汊口村人,在明代,休宁和歙县是徽州所辖六县中经商风气最为浓厚的两个县份,据《怀秋集》记载:程冲斗二十岁上下喜好耍拳弄棒,祖父交给他三千两白银,让他前去经商,不料他却将这笔钱全部带到河南嵩山少林寺习武,结果花光了这笔钱。在明代中后期的徽州社会,三千两无论从何种意义上来讲,都是一个不小的数目。可见,程冲斗原先是要出外经商,应是一名具有相当经济实力的徽商,或者至少是典型的徽商子弟。他在少林寺拜师学艺十余年,花光了三千两白银,当然不是因为钻了狗洞而被少林寺干没了做生意的本钱,而是因为他对武术的精益求精。事实上,自从程冲斗学成、打散木偶走出少林寺后,他并没有满足于在少林寺习得的武艺,而是千里秣马,将高僧迎请至安徽六安一带专门为自己授课。功夫不负有心人,由于他的苦心钻研,练就了非凡的本领。
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