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除了少林高僧洪转等人传授的棍法外,程冲斗还有被人誉作“无不精绝”的诸般技艺。其双手刀法得自浙江刘云峰,枪法得自河南李克复,弩法则是其游寿春遇土人、得穴中铜机而创。程冲斗枪棍俱精,兼及弓马刀弩之术,心手俱化,随心而应,诸般武艺皆有造诣,卓然成家。后来,其人编纂的《耕余剩技》刊行于明末的天启元年(1621年),丛书除了收录《少林棍法阐宗》三卷之外,另有《长枪法选》、《单刀法选》及《蹶张心法》各一卷,为后人研究明代武术提供了极为翔实的珍贵资料。
万历二十年(1592年),日本丰臣秀吉侵略朝鲜,明朝出兵援朝抗日,此役前后沿续了七年之久。为此,官府大批征召民间武士参战,故而屡次希望程冲斗出山教授武艺,但程氏似乎不为所动。他的绝世武功,看来主要还是为父辈经商保驾护航。对此,程氏族人程继康在《〈少林棍法阐宗〉后序》中指出:程冲斗“辟道途之警,横槊赴敌,群盗侦知其名,辄遁去,其先声夺人类如此”,这一段描述与《怀秋集》中的记载颇为相似,只是《怀秋集》的结尾称:程冲斗是以经商而终其天年。
不过,休宁知县侯安国在为《耕余剩技》作序时,却有不同的说法。他说自己曾一再规劝程氏应募从军,但后者却认为自己家境小康,习武主要是为了自保身家,并不想出山入仕。对此,知县勃然大怒,斥之为“食肉麋、饱糟醴,无用之匹夫”。程氏受此刺激,方才毅然答应以身报国。于是,父子兄弟并带其家丁八十人,自携粮饷赴军门从戎,以所创强弩及刀枪诸法日夜训练官兵,颇见成效。为此,程冲斗被授以佥书,诸子弟也被委以守备、把总等职,休宁还建有“义勇可嘉”的牌坊以彰圣宠。虽然,侯安国序文提及程冲斗的后半生与《怀秋集》之说法颇有歧异,但程氏习武的最初目的却是为了“保身家计”,这一点应当没有什么疑问。而“家事颇饶”,则显然与其为经商之家有关。
在明代,民间武艺的重心不是武器,而是拳术。《少林棍法阐宗》反映的是冷兵器时代的传统武术技艺,到火器已广泛应用的晚明,此类技艺诚如程冲斗及其族人一再声称的那样,谈拳论棒主要是自卫身家。程冲斗将弩制与长枪、倭刀及棍法合而行世,他自称:“余草莽之臣,耕余所得者也,因目为耕余剩技。”其中,他所辑的棍法,主要是在桑梓故里的乡间传授,目的是为了“保障丘墓之备”。这些,都绝不是自谦的说法。换言之,其主要用途具体表现为在乡里的抵御欺侮,异地行商时则以之强身自卫,为贸易保驾护航。
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