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彭德怀认为长征胜利第一靠红军忠勇:第二靠什么?

2016-11-08 14:52:27   徐焰

国民党这一点特别不好的是,同盟会开始,孙中山讲同盟会三大任务之一就是暗杀。到北京暗杀摄政王,还视为一个壮举。暗杀是马克思主义坚决反对的,进行革命是推翻一个阶级,而不是消灭一个个人。当年国民党左派柳亚子一看蒋介石在广州的时候就飞扬跋扈,有危险,找到毛泽东、恽代英讲,花重金雇枪手把他干掉,毛泽东说不能这么干,马克思主义反对这么干,你杀了蒋介石还有张介石、李介石,暗杀是不行的。国民党愿意干一套,蒋介石搞军统、中统、宪兵,而且经常搞暗杀。他搞暗杀更不得人心了,你是国家统治者,你对反对你的人不敢公开审判,派人去暗暗的干掉,这不更坏了吗?这不是国家恐怖主义吗?这在国民党内搞得离心离德。为什么国民党分这么多派,而蒋介石都不满,重要一条就是特务政治。后来国民党的特务自己把自己搞臭了,一听说特务,人人痛恨,关键就是手段区别。李宗仁是蒋介石二把手,天天骂特务,因为他身边的位置都是蒋介石派的特务,天天向蒋介石报告,他对身边的人都搞这套东西,他当然不得人心了。

苏联的契卡这一点后来也很糟,列宁在的时候只是对外的,斯大林后来把它变成对内,最后用来监视其他领导人,造成后来恐怖大清洗。苏联情报机构,格别乌只属于领袖个人。列宁格勒市的格别乌,政治保卫总局,列宁格勒市委管不着,他还监视列宁格勒市委,他只向斯大林个人汇报,他派出的格别乌外驻机构,当地政府管不着的,只属于领袖个人,不属于特务机构了,跟明朝“东厂”、“西厂”一样的。中国共产党历来的原则就是这样,北京市的安全局、各省的公安厅,必须在省市党委政府领导之下,怎么能侦察省市党委?中国共产党从周恩来建立特科开始,就不允许搞这一套。

周恩来禁止党内搞侦察,后来得到毛泽东的肯定。中国共产党后来搞“左”路线的时候也够厉害的,但是起码有一条,情报组织从来不涉党内斗争,这一条还是坚持的。

当年党内保卫主要对付什么人呢?都是那些带着党的机密要出卖了,这批人你不消灭不行。我们讲何家兴、贺芝华,贺芝华是朱德的前妻了,因为后来跟着朱德讲她觉得享不了荣华富贵,她不干了。跟着一个何家兴大块头,这俩人到德国、苏联留学回来之后,过惯了西方生活,当时地下工作人员每个月给他发三十块钱生活费,根本不够整天享受,他们俩负责党中央搞接待,接待谁就偷偷把谁地址记下来,六大之前正好要安排代表上苏联去开会,他们一下记好几百人的地址,党中央领导人地址差不多都记下来。然后拿到巡捕房开始卖,巡捕房根本就不相信,你这两个人能掌握几百个领导人的地址?他说好吧,先给你一个政治局常委罗亦农地址,你抓抓试试,然后我们再谈。一抓真抓到了,抓到立刻枪毙了。但是他去卖的话,巡捕房有内线,立刻就报告了,一对夫妻,说着很流利的德文,就是他们两个,红队立刻去把何家兴打死,贺芝华打成重伤了,把名单也搜出来了,这个来讲是必须的,不然党中央连生存都生存不了。再一个是白鑫,当年军委秘书,军委开会的时候他秘密报告了,幸亏周恩来那天有事没有去,要不然周恩来也完了,著名农民运动领袖彭湃,党军委书记都被抓住,然后都被杀了。周恩来说必须把白鑫干掉,对党的出卖太厉害了。击毙白鑫的地点就合和坊,他一出来,红队一拥而上,当年红队十几个人就四支手枪,真把他当场击毙,上海各报都是头条,叛徒特务闻风丧胆,后来不干公开活动了,起了威慑的作用。

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