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蒋介石病逝后为何被日本媒体认为是“英雄”
2016-10-28 16:30:49 国薇 魏灵学
由于蒋政权的积极努力、日本军队的无奈放弃与美国政府的积极介入,“以德报怨”政策得以在战后滞华日军中展开,而其中包含了大量日本军队技术人员乃至各级战犯。
1949年11月,由日本旧军人组成的军事顾问团(即“白团”)抵达重庆,协助蒋介石挽救局势;1950年,“白团”赶赴台北,并于圆山军事基地为蒋政权训练了百余名军官。日本学者小笠原在《拯救了蒋介石的日本军官团》一文中指出:“这批军官的行动,既有现实的政治考量,但亦不乏战争结束之初受蒋恩惠的情感左右”;而学者本泽二郎《日本政界的“台湾帮”》一书则一针见血道:“蒋介石最大的成功之处便是将与战前日军内部人员的人际关系以及岸信介等右翼势力的联系延续到了战后。”1957年,曾在伪“满洲国”活动数年、于东条英机内阁任国务大臣的岸信介出任首相,以他为核心,日本政界形成了一批在政治纲领与思想倾向上相一致的“台湾帮”,其主张“亲美、联台、排华、反共”。岸信介于《朝日新闻》1958年10月9日刊上公开撰文称:“日本政府的外交路线便是始终尊重台湾政府......为了日本的安全,不能让台湾落入共产党人之手。”
1972年中日邦交正常化后,日本“台湾帮”分化并重组,形成了青岚会(1972年成立时干事长为石原慎太郎)、日华(台)关系意愿恳谈会(1973年成立,时干事长滩尾弘吉)日华(台)亲善协会等诸多团体。冷战结束后,这些团体完成了世代的新老交替、活跃于日本政坛,并左右着日本的对外政策、在台湾问题上兴风作浪。
在研究蒋介石“以德报怨”政策时,一方面,作为人道主义的处理原则,使诸多日本人对于蒋介石这一历史人物抱有强烈的好感;另一方面,在某些人物的有意包装与宣传下,其“质变”为蒋的“个人恩德”、甚至成了当下鼓吹日台“发展实质关系”的借口。能否在接下来的研究中凸显“以德报怨”政策的“中国性”而非“蒋政权性”、进一步发掘二战结束后中国民间对于日本的宽容与善行,乃是我们当前面临的一个课题。
责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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