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真正黑科技:美国SR-71“黑鸟”的冷战故事

2016-10-24 14:53:01   空军之翼

“我们计划是用在同一天(7月27日)打破3项记录的那架飞机,然而,我和富勒首先升空,发现了右发动机的尾喷管控制器出了问题,如果它正常工作,那就足以打破米格-25创造的1815英里/小时的速度记录,我们原计划飞出2100英里/小时的记录,但是最后只飞出了2092英里/小时。相比起另外两支机组,我们的飞行需要更多时间来达到最高速度,而发动机的问题可能是由于过热造成的,可指挥官决定让另外2架飞机再各进行一次尝试。然而,另外2次飞行中他们也出现了问题,而且地面雷达站在追踪我们的过程中也遇到了困难,于是,他们在晚上把发动机更换了,第二天的2次破纪录尝试都很成功。”

对于富勒和布莱索这样的破纪录飞行,他们需要遵守FAI的条例,另一方面,飞机不得加速或降低高度。为了消除这种可能性,机组开着最小的加力,以3.3马赫速度在76181英尺高度上进入爱德华兹基地的航线,“这个时候,我们推上油门,把加力开到中间,在返回爱德华兹的途中一路爬升,达到了81776英尺。由于发动机的问题,我们被迫在飞行途中缓慢地降低速度,再次经过爱德华兹基地时的速度是3.2马赫。此时右侧发动机炸了,于是,我们关掉这台发动机的加力,过早地向比尔下降。整个途中,我们都以45°倾角进行转弯,一直到航线的尽头。”

布莱索和富勒拿到了他们的记录证书,这架黑鸟至今仍旧是全世界飞得最快的有人驾驶飞机。

詹姆斯.萨利文(右)和诺埃尔.威迪菲尔德(Noel Widdifield)站在范保罗航展的相机前,他们刚在1974年9月1日打破了从纽约到伦敦的飞行速度记录

1974年9月1日打破了从纽约到伦敦的飞行速度记录后,萨利文和威迪菲尔德少校驾驶972号机降落在范保罗,在这次航程为3461英里的飞行中,他们的平均速度为1806.96英里/小时

黑鸟在战争中

巴迪.布朗(Buddy Brown)中校是黑鸟项目中经验最丰富的飞行员之一,他在U-2和SR-71上都拥有很高的飞行时数。1968年3月8日,他第一次驾驶SR-71(978号机)从比尔起飞,穿过太平洋抵达冲绳(Okinawa)的嘉手纳(Kadena)基地,这标志着黑鸟开始在东南亚进行作战部署,布朗中校回忆道1968年3月末一次令他印象深刻的任务:

“在这次任务里,我按计划从嘉手纳升空,在南边200英里处的南中国海上进行一次空中加油,然后爬升到80000英尺高度之上,以3马赫速度巡航,从台湾海峡中间飞过,收集来自中国方面的电子情报(ELINT)。这个时候我们转弯西面,朝北越飞去。任务中,座舱里不止一次忙得不可开交,侦察系统官帮助操作这些防御系统和传感器,他可以让飞行员根据飞行计划的需要来驾驶飞机前往不同的地方,这些都在飞行员座舱内的一张计算机地图上显示出来。

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