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真正黑科技:美国SR-71“黑鸟”的冷战故事

2016-10-24 14:53:01   空军之翼

一架标准的SR-71有2个串列式的座舱,后座(侦察系统官,RSO)没有操纵杆,无法控制这架飞机,但是要具备驾驶这种复杂侦察平台的经验和专业知识。后来还生产了2架双座教练机(被命名为SR-71B),让学员坐在前面,教官坐在后面。

罗伯特.吉利兰继续道:“这些都是我们在完成第一次试飞时需要考虑的因素,我们有首席工程师收集的一系列需要改进和调整的项目,我对其中一些提出了建议。我们从来没有否定过其中任何一样,但如果有,凯利.约翰逊就会走进来,亲自做出决定。”

作为黑鸟项目的首席试飞员,罗伯特.吉利兰穿着“登月服”,准备驾驶SR-71进行另一次试飞,他在1964年12月22日的首次试飞中就突破了音障

首飞

SR-71的首飞日期是1964年12月22日,按计划,这架飞机将爬升到25000英尺高度,在中等升限上,然后让飞行员关掉人工稳定器:“我们得找出有什么东西会影响它的操纵,关掉了以后,我们发现黑鸟飞起来相当简单!飞机显示出了固有的气动特征,在所有3个轴面上都这样飞行(滚转、俯仰、偏航)。后来在测试过程中,空军要求在以最大马赫数飞行时关掉人工稳定器,证明飞机在自动控制和人工控制方面可以自如地切换。在飞机服役之前,这项工作是一定要被确认的。随着飞机离开跑道,后面有3架F-104在跟着我升空。一般来说只会派出一架,但最重要的是把所有事情都记录下来。这其中有2架是双座机,后座的摄像师负责摄影和拍照。我让他们离远点,因为我在座舱里很忙,没有闲工夫去看他们一眼。”

吉利兰升空后做的第一件事情就是以亚音速向内华达山脉飞去,前几分钟时间里,一切事物都正常工作,向北缓慢飞行了一段时间后,他调头向南返回基地:“平缓地完成转弯,我往回飞去,是时候进行超音速飞行了。如果在加速的过程中出现紧急情况,我就不用再担心驾驶飞机调头了。我推上油门,缓慢地加速爬升。飞机响应的相当好,随着我的速度超过1.2马赫,一盏红灯亮了,指出座舱盖现在不安全。我立刻把加力开到最小,同时评估情况。

“我知道那些在臭鼬工厂里设计座舱盖的伙计们,他们是其中最优秀的。所以我认为那是低压区,从气动外形上经过座舱盖上方,稍微将其抬起,导致其搬动了里面的一个小开关。想了几秒钟,我再度推上油门,这盏红灯一直都没有熄灭。我继续爬升加速,一直到50000英尺高度,也就在这时,他们同意了结束试飞。在我收回油门前,飞机达到了1.5马赫速度,第一次试飞持续了1小时,座舱的问题也检查过了,和我猜想的一样。”

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