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毛泽东:如果国民党军也学红军长征 一定会被消灭

2016-10-21 16:24:07   许述

速决战不是心里想要如此做就做得成功的,还须加上许多具体的条件。主要的条件是准备充足,不失时机,集中优势兵力,包围迂回战术,良好阵地,打运动中之敌,或打驻止而阵地尚不巩固之敌。不解决这些条件,而求战役或战斗的速决,是不可能的。

打破一次“围剿”属于一个大战役,依然适用速决原则,而不是持久原则。因为根据地的人力、财力、军力等项条件都不许可持久。但在一般的速决原则之下,反对不正当的急躁性是必要的。一个革命根据地的最高军事政治领导机关,估计到根据地的这些条件,估计到敌方情况,不为敌之其势汹汹所吓倒,不为尚能忍耐的困难所沮丧,不为某些挫折而灰心,给予必要的耐心和持久,是完全必要的。江西打破第一次“围剿”,从初战到结束只有一星期,打破第二次“围剿”只有半个月,打破第三次“围剿”就熬上了三个月,第四次是三星期,第五次就熬了整整的一年。但是第五次没有打破“围剿”而被迫突围时,还表现了不应有的仓卒从事。依情况还可以熬上两三个月,用以休整军队。假如这样,又假如突围后的领导稍为聪明一点,情况便将有很大的不同。虽然如此,仍然不破坏我们所说的力争缩短全战役时间的原则。除了战役战斗计划力争集中兵力和运动战等等条件、务期在内线(在根据地)消灭敌之有生力量、迅速解决“围剿”以外,当“围剿”已经证明无法在内线解决时,应该使用红军主力突破敌之围攻线,转入我之外线即敌之内线去解决这个问题。堡垒主义发达的今日,这种手段将要成为经常的作战手段。第五次反“围剿”进行两个月之后,当福建事变出现之时,红军主力无疑地应该突进到以浙江为中心的苏浙皖赣地区去,纵横驰骋于杭州、苏州、南京、芜湖、南昌、福州之间,将战略防御转变为战略进攻,威胁敌之根本重地,向广大无堡垒地带寻求作战。用这种方法,就能迫使进攻江西南部福建西部地区之敌回援其根本重地,粉碎其向江西根据地的进攻,并援助福建人民政府,——这种方法是必能确定地援助它的。此计不用,第五次“围剿”就不能打破,福建人民政府也只好倒台。到打了一年之久的时候,虽已不利于出浙江,但还可以向另一方向改取战略进攻,即以主力向湖南前进,不是经湖南向贵州,而是向湖南中部前进,调动江西敌人至湖南而消灭之。此计又不用,打破第五次“围剿”的希望就最后断绝,剩下长征一条路了。

第九节 歼灭战

“拚消耗”的主张,对于中国红军来说是不适时宜的。“比宝”不是龙王向龙王比,而是乞丐向龙王比,未免滑稽。对于几乎一切都取给于敌方的红军,基本的方针是歼灭战。只有歼灭敌人的有生力量才能打破“围剿”和发展革命根据地。给敌以杀伤,是作为给敌以歼灭的手段而采取的,否则便没有意义。因给敌以杀伤而给我以消耗,又因给敌以歼灭而给我以补充,这样就不但抵偿了我军的消耗,而且增加了我军的力量。击溃战,对于雄厚之敌不是基本上决定胜负的东西。歼灭战,则对任何敌人都立即起了重大的影响。对于人,伤其十指不如断其一指;对于敌,击溃其十个师不如歼灭其一个师。

对于第一、二、三、四次“围剿”,我们的方针都是歼灭战。每次歼灭的敌人对于全敌不过是一部分,然而“围剿”是打破了。第五次反“围剿”时,采取了相反的方针,实际上是帮助敌人达到了他们的目的。

歼灭战和集中优势兵力、采取包围迂回战术,同一意义。没有后者,就没有前者。人民赞助、良好阵地、好打之敌、出其不意等条件,都是达到歼灭目的所不可缺少的。击溃有意义,乃至让敌逃去有意义,只是对于全战斗或全战役中我军主力对确定之敌举行歼灭性的作战而说的,否则便没有什么意义。这又是一种有所失对有所得而有意义的场合。

我们建立军事工业,须使之不助长依赖性。我们的基本方针是依赖帝国主义和国内敌人的军事工业。伦敦和汉阳的兵工厂,我们是有权利的,并且经过敌人的运输队送来。这是真理,并不是笑话。

责任编辑:张海潮
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