军事 > 军事历史
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161021/23800494_32.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/05/22 21:30:33

Powered by China
China

毛泽东:如果国民党军也学红军长征 一定会被消灭

2016-10-21 16:24:07   许述

要完全达到这种目的,集中兵力、运动战、速决战、歼灭战,都是必要的条件。而集中兵力,是首先的和主要的。集中兵力之所以必要,是为了改变敌我的形势。

第一,是为了改变进退的形势。过去是敌进我退,现在是企图达到我进敌退之目的。集中兵力一战而胜,这个目的在本战斗就达到了,也给予影响于全战役。

第二,是为了改变攻守的形势。退却到退却终点,在防御战中基本上属于消极阶段,即“守”的阶段。反攻则属于积极阶段,即“攻”的阶段。虽然在整个战略防御中并没有脱离防御性质,然而反攻和退却相较,不但形式上,而且内容上,是起了变化的东西。反攻是战略防御和战略进攻之间的过渡的东西,带着战略进攻前夜的性质,集中兵力就为达此目的。

第三,是为了改变内外线的形势。处于战略上内线作战的军队,特别是处于被“围剿”环境的红军,蒙受着许多的不利。但我们可以而且完全应该在战役或战斗上,把它改变过来。将敌军对我军的一个大“围剿”,改为我军对敌军的许多各别的小围剿。将敌军对我军的战略上的分进合击,改为我军对敌军的战役或战斗上的分进合击。将敌军对我军的战略上的优势,改为我军对敌军的战役或战斗上的优势。将战略上处于强者地位的敌军,使之在战役或战斗上处于弱者的地位。同时,将自己战略上的弱者地位,使之改变为战役上或战斗上的强者的地位。这即是所谓内线作战中的外线作战,“围剿”中的围剿,封锁中的封锁,防御中的进攻,劣势中的优势,弱者中的强者,不利中的有利,被动中的主动。从战略防御中争取胜利,基本上靠了集中兵力的一着。在中国红军的战史中,这个问题常常成为重要的争论问题。一九三○年十月四日吉安之役,不待兵力完全集中就实行开进和攻击,幸而敌人(邓英师)自己逃走了,我们的攻击本身并没有奏效。

从一九三二年开始,有所谓“全线出击”的口号,要求从根据地的东西南北四面出击。这不但在战略防御时不对,就是在战略进攻时也是不对的。在整个敌我对比的形势没有根本改变的时候,无论战略或战术,都有防御和进攻、钳制和突击的两方面,事实上绝少所谓全线出击。全线出击的口号,是伴随军事冒险主义而来的军事平均主义。军事平均主义者到一九三三年,有所谓“两个拳头打人”的说法,把红军主力分割为二,企图在两个战略方向同时求胜。那时的结果是一个拳头置于无用,一个拳头打得很疲劳,而且没有当时可能取得的最大胜利。照我的意见,在有强大敌军存在的条件下,无论自己有多少军队,在一个时间内,主要的使用方向只应有一个,不应有两个。我不反对作战方向有两个或两个以上,但主要的方向,在同一个时间内,只应有一个。中国红军以弱小者的姿态出现于内战的战场,其迭挫强敌震惊世界的战绩,依赖于兵力集中使用者甚大。无论哪一个大胜仗,都可以证明这一点。“以一当十,以十当百”,是战略的说法,是对整个战争整个敌我对比而言的;在这个意义上,我们确实是如此。不是对战役和战术而言的;在这个意义上,我们决不应如此。无论在反攻或进攻,我们总是集结大力打敌一部。一九三一年一月的江西宁都县东韶地区打谭道源的作战,一九三一年九月的江西兴国县高兴圩地区打十九路军的作战,一九三二年七月广东南雄县水口圩地区打陈济棠的作战,一九三三年十二月江西黎川县团村地区打陈诚的作战,都吃了兵力不集中的亏。如像水口圩和团村这一类的仗,本来一般算作胜仗,而且还算作大胜仗的(前者击溃陈济棠二十个团,后者击溃陈诚十二个团〔51〕),然而我们历来就不欢迎这种胜仗,在某种意义上简直还可以说它是败仗。因为没有缴获或缴获不超过消耗,在我们看来是很少意义的。我们的战略是“以一当十”,我们的战术是“以十当一”,这是我们制胜敌人的根本法则之一。

上一页32/38下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161021/23800494_32.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/05/22 21:30:33

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161021/23800494_32.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/05/22 21:30:33

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161021/23800494_32.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/05/22 21:30:33

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161021/23800494_32.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/05/22 21:30:33

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161021/23800494_32.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/05/22 21:30:33

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161021/23800494_32.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/05/22 21:30:33

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161021/23800494_32.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/05/22 21:30:33

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161021/23800494_32.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/05/22 21:30:33

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161021/23800494_32.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/05/22 21:30:33

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161021/23800494_32.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/05/22 21:30:33

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161021/23800494_32.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/05/22 21:30:33

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161021/23800494_32.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/05/22 21:30:33

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161021/23800494_32.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/05/22 21:30:33

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161021/23800494_32.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/05/22 21:30:33

Powered by China
China