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毛泽东:如果国民党军也学红军长征 一定会被消灭

2016-10-21 16:24:07   许述

然而从一九三二年一月开始,在党的“三次‘围剿’被粉碎后争取一省数省首先胜利”那个包含着严重原则错误的决议发布之后,“左”倾机会主义者就向着正确的原则作斗争,最后是撤消了一套正确原则,成立了另一整套和这相反的所谓“新原则”,或“正规原则”。从此以后,从前的东西不能叫做正规的了,那是应该否定的“游击主义”。反“游击主义”的空气,统治了整整的三个年头。其第一阶段是军事冒险主义,第二阶段转到军事保守主义,最后,第三阶段,变成了逃跑主义。直到党中央一九三五年一月在贵州的遵义召开扩大的政治局会议的时候,才宣告这个错误路线的破产,重新承认过去路线的正确性。这是费了何等大的代价才得来的啊!

起劲地反对“游击主义”的同志们说:诱敌深入是不对的,放弃了许多地方。过去虽然打过胜仗,然而现在不是已经和过去不同了吗?并且不放弃土地又能打胜敌人不是更好些吗?在敌区或在我区敌区交界地方去打胜敌人不是更好些吗?过去的东西没有任何的正规性,只是游击队使用的办法。现在我们的国家已成立了,我们的红军已正规化了。我们和蒋介石作战是国家和国家作战,大军和大军作战。历史不应重复,“游击主义”的东西是应该全部抛弃的了。新的原则是“完全马克思主义”的,过去的东西是游击队在山里产生的,而山里是没有马克思主义的。新原则和这相反:“以一当十,以十当百,勇猛果敢,乘胜直追”,“全线出击”,“夺取中心城市”,“两个拳头人”。敌人进攻时,对付的办法是“御敌于国门之外”,“先发制人”,“不打烂坛坛罐罐”,“不丧失寸土”,“六路分兵”;是“革命道路和殖民地道路的决战”;是短促突击,是堡垒战,是消耗战,是“持久战”;是大后方主义,是绝对的集中指挥;最后,则是大规模搬家。并且谁不承认这些,就给以惩办,加之以机会主义的头衔,如此等等。

无疑地,这全部的理论和实际都是错了的。这是主观主义。这是环境顺利时小资产阶级的革命狂热和革命急性病的表现;环境困难时,则依照情况的变化以次变为拚命主义、保守主义和逃跑主义。这是鲁莽家和门外汉的理论和实际,是丝毫也没有马克思主义气味的东西,是反马克思主义的东西。

这里单说战略退却,江西叫做“诱敌深入”,四川叫做“收紧阵地”。从前的军事理论家和实际家也无不承认这是弱军对强军作战时在战争开始阶段必须采取的方针。外国的军事家就曾这样说:“战略守势的作战,大都先避不利的决战,使至有利的情况始求决战。”这是完全正确的,我们对此也没有任何的增加。

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