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毛泽东:如果国民党军也学红军长征 一定会被消灭

2016-10-21 16:24:07   许述

在一九三〇年的立三路线时期,李立三同志不懂得中国内战的持久性,因此看不出中国内战发展中“围剿”又“围剿”、打破又打破的这种长期反复的规律(那时已有湘赣边界的三次“围剿”⒄,福建的两次“围剿”⒅等),因此在红军还幼小的时代就命令红军去打武汉,命令全国举行武装起义,企图使全国革命迅速胜利。这就犯了“左”倾机会主义的错误。

一九三一年至一九三四年的“左”倾机会主义,也不相信“围剿”反复这一规律。在鄂豫皖边区根据地则有所谓“偏师”⒆说,那里的一些领导同志认为第三次“围剿”⒇失败后的国民党不过是偏师了,要进攻红军,就得由帝国主义亲身出马担当主力军。在这个估计之下的战略方针,就是红军打武汉。这和江西的一些同志号召红军打南昌,反对进行使各根据地联成一片的工作,反对诱敌深入的作战,把一省胜利放在夺取省城和中心城市的基点上,以及认为“反对五次‘围剿’是革命道路和殖民地道路的决战”等等,是在原则上一致的。这个“左”倾机会主义,种下了鄂豫皖边区反对第四次“围剿”(21)、江西中央区反对第五次“围剿”斗争中的错误路线的根苗,使红军在敌人的严重的“围剿”面前不得不处于无能的地位,给了中国革命以很大的损失。

跟否认“围剿”反复的“左”倾机会主义直接联系,而说红军根本不应该采取防御手段的一种意见,也是完全不正确的。

革命和革命战争是进攻的——这种说法当然有它的正确性。革命和革命战争从发生到发展,从小到大,从没有政权到夺取政权,从没有红军到创造红军,从没有革命根据地到创造革命根据地,总是要进攻的,是不能保守的,保守主义的倾向是应该反对的。

革命和革命战争是进攻的,但是也有防御和后退——这种说法才是完全正确的。为了进攻而防御,为了前进而后退,为了向正面而向侧面,为了走直路而走弯路,是许多事物在发展过程中所不可避免的现象,何况军事运动。

上述两个论断中的前一论断,在政治上说来可以是对的,移到军事上就不对了。在政治上,也只是在某一种情况说来(革命前进时)是对的,移到另一种情况(革命退却时:全部退却,例如俄国在一九○六年(22)、中国在一九二七年;局部退却,例如俄国在一九一八年的布列斯特条约(23)时)也就不对了。只有后一论断,才是全部地正确的真理。一九三一年至一九三四年的“左”倾机会主义,机械地反对使用军事防御的手段,不过是一种非常幼稚的思想。

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