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毛泽东:如果国民党军也学红军长征 一定会被消灭

2016-10-21 16:24:07   许述

这就是中国革命战争的两方面。这两方面同时存在着,即是说,既有顺利的条件,又有困难的条件。这是中国革命战争的根本规律,许多规律都是从这个根本的规律发生出来的。我们的十年战争史证明了这个规律的正确性。谁要是睁眼看不见这些根本性质的规律,谁就不能指导中国的革命战争,谁就不能使红军打胜仗。

很明显的,正确地规定战略方向,进攻时反对冒险主义,防御时反对保守主义,转移时反对逃跑主义;反对红军的游击主义,却又承认红军的游击性;反对战役的持久战和战略的速决战,承认战略的持久战和战役的速决战;反对固定的作战线和阵地战,承认非固定的作战线和运动战;反对击溃战,承认歼灭战;反对战略方向的两个拳头主义,承认一个拳头主义;反对大后方制度,承认小后方制度;反对绝对的集中指挥,承认相对的集中指挥;反对单纯军事观点和流寇主义⒁,承认红军是中国革命的宣传者和组织者;反对土匪主义⒂,承认严肃的政治纪律;反对军阀主义,承认有限制的民主生活和有威权的军事纪律;反对不正确的宗派主义的干部政策,承认正确的干部政策;反对孤立政策,承认争取一切可能的同盟者;最后,反对把红军停顿于旧阶段,争取红军发展到新阶段——所有这些原则问题,都要求正确的解决。我们现在要讲的战略问题,就是要就中国革命战争的十年血战史的经验,好好地说明这些问题。

第四章 “围剿”和反“围剿”——中国内战的主要形式

十年以来,从游击战争开始的一天起,任何一个独立的红色游击队或红军的周围,任何一个革命根据地的周围,经常遇到的是敌人的“围剿”。敌人把红军看作异物,一出现就想把它捕获。敌人总是跟着红军,而且总是把它围起来。这种形式,过去十年是没有变化的,如果没有民族战争代替国内战争,那末,直到敌人变成弱小者、红军变成强大者那一天为止,这种形式也是不会变化的。

红军的活动,采取了反“围剿”的形式。所谓胜利,主要地是说反“围剿”的胜利,这就是战略和战役的胜利。反对一次“围剿”是一个战役,常常由大小数个以至数十个战斗组织而成。在一次“围剿”没有基本地打破以前,即使得到了许多战斗的胜利,还不能说战略上或整个战役上已经胜利了。十年的红军战争史,就是一部反“围剿”史。

敌人的“围剿”和红军的反“围剿”,互相采用进攻和防御这两种战斗的形式,这是和古今中外的战争没有两样的。然而中国内战的特点,则在二者的长期的反复。在一次“围剿”中,敌人以进攻反对红军的防御,红军以防御反对敌人的进攻,这是反“围剿”战役的第一个阶段。敌人以防御反对红军的进攻,红军以进攻反对敌人的防御,这是反“围剿”战役的第二个阶段。任何的“围剿”,都是包括这两个阶段的,而且是长期地反复的。

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