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1935年11月3日,中国工农红军西北革命军事委员会成立,毛泽东任主席,周恩来、彭德怀为副主席。同日,红一方面军番号恢复,陕甘支队改为红1军团,和红15军团一起编入方面军。新的方面军共约1.1万余人,红1军团辖第2、4师和第1、13团,林彪任红1军团长,聂荣臻任政治委员。红15军团辖第75、78、81师和1个骑兵团,军团长徐海东、政治委员程子华、参谋长周士第。整编时,彭德怀主动提出,将原红3军团加入红1军团序列。如此顾全大局的品德,让党中央和全军敬佩,由此进一步巩固了陕北苏区和红军内部的团结。
伤其十指不如断其一指
中央红军与红15军团会师陕北,让蒋介石大为震怒,他随即严令西北各地方实力派加紧进攻,甚至让“西北剿总”越过东北军统帅张学良,直接给东北军军长董英斌等下令,调5个师分2路杀向苏区,其中东路第117师经羊泉镇沿葫芦河西进,西路4个师则经太白镇沿葫芦河东进,意图以“东西对进、南进北堵”之法构成两条封锁线,实施围歼。
敌军以葫芦河为依托,破局之处也在葫芦河。中央军委研究决定,须打破敌“东西对进”部署,先消灭沿葫芦河西面敌军一部,而后转移兵力,伺机各个击破,而直罗镇正是敌必经之处。鉴于敌强我弱,红军计划以少数兵力牵制甘泉、黑水寺等地敌军,集中10个团以上优势兵力,在直罗镇诱敌深入,以包围侧击战术,打一场歼灭战。毛泽东特别强调:“伤其十指不如断其一指……击溃其10个师不如歼灭其1个师。”东北军先头部队第109师(师长牛元峰)被选为了目标。

资料图:直罗镇战役示意图。
此役是整编后红1军团和15军团首次联合作战。11月18日,两军团几十位团以上干部,一齐到直罗镇察看地形。不过百户人家的直罗镇,3面环山,中间一条狭窄的河谷,宽处不过200米.一条由西向东的土路穿镇而过,镇北面是一条小河。镇东头有座古寨,石头砌的寨墙仍大体完好。红军连夜将寨墙拆掉,以防被敌军利用。
11月20日,在飞机掩护下,敌109师(辖2个团)兵分3路,沿葫芦河谷及南北山地直扑直罗镇。该部与红军长期作战,积累了一定经验,不仅沿河谷和两侧山地行军,而且边打边搜索,以防遭伏击。不过,红军诱敌更有章法,索性放弃两侧山地,造成并无埋伏的假象。到20日晚,敌109师全部进入直罗镇预设伏击圈。
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