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遵义战役:林彪彭德怀“组合拳”痛击中央军

2016-10-20 15:14:01   王绥翊

资料图片:追堵红军第一次东渡赤水路线示意图。

“红军又回来了”

红3军团(军团长彭德怀)善打敢打硬仗,在4天内连克娄山关、遵义,作战韧性可谓强悍。红1军团(军团长林彪)则善打穿插,战机不到,“静若处女”;时机一到,“动若脱兔”。而吴奇伟很快就尝到到2位共和国开国元帅组合拳的厉害。

中央军主力猛攻老鸦山得手后,继续向红军阵地施压。红1军团此时正隐蔽集结在遵义城东附近的丘陵地带,林彪正在用望远镜观战,而吴奇伟竟浑然不觉,继续往前线增兵。原因很简单,因为前面的红军阵地“很难啃”。经过连续作战的红3军团,在红花岗、老鸦山与优势敌军缠斗不退,吸引了敌军的注意力。吴奇伟刚把全部兵力调上去,其战线结合部水师坝(黔军阵地)便枪声大作。

红1军团2个师突然从山谷杀出,直插忠庄铺的敌指挥部,吴奇伟身边只有1个团,赶紧向懒板凳方向急退。战场形势瞬间逆转,公路上的中央军最先掉头,整个阵线全线震动。可他们还是没有红军快。红1军团1师向西,沿鸭溪、白腊坎方向横扫;2师向南,一部已占领懒板凳,主力追到乌江边,准备断敌退路。吴奇伟已全无斗志,狼狈赶到乌江边,联络南岸的欧震部增援。欧震见北岸兵败如山倒,认为过江增援成了背水列阵,拒绝过江。吴奇伟唯恐被俘,率残部过江后立刻砍断浮桥。尚未过江的1000余名中央军官兵和大批辎重物资均被红军俘获。

此时,在老鸦山的吴部第59师,只得专攻为守,但显然守不住。28日黄昏,红军干部团和红3军团反攻,一个回合就夺回老鸦山。中央军残部向八里水、鸭溪方向逃遁。至此,遵义战役结束。5天内,红军连克桐梓、娄山关、遵义,击溃黔军5个团(一说8个团),消灭中央军93师大部、59师一部,毙伤敌2400多人,俘敌约3000人,缴枪2000余支及大批物资。

这是红军长征中第一场大胜,红军依托高效的情报系统,一改5次反围剿以来的僵化模式,发挥机动性大打运动战,并结合战场形势,及时调整战略方向和作战任务,牢牢掌握主动,连续作战,一举全胜。而四渡赤水的后续作战,很大程度得益于遵义战役打出了回旋空间。

更重要的是,此战红军在军事上重新树立了信念。有观点认为,此战中“红军的作战风格又回来了”。其实,在5次反围剿和长征前期,红军各部队都是敢打敢拼:1军团抢占湘江渡口,就是大胆穿插;3军团坚守光华铺,也是血战不退;而部队未能获胜,则是作战指导思想出了问题。在遵义的战役性胜利,体现了实事求是(基于准确情报部署)、灵活务实(根据敌情调整作战目标)的作战指导思想的威力。这对于强化全军战斗作风有着极为重要的意义。可以说,万里长征的第一口底气,是遵义战役打下的。(作者/王绥翊)

资料图片:红军二渡赤水作战路线示意图。

责任编辑:张海潮
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