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揭秘:武昌起义前孙中山领导的十次武装起义

2016-10-13 15:19:21   华声在线

四、丁未惠州七女湖之役(1907年6月),也称惠州七女湖起义,主要指挥者邓子瑜

1907年6月2日,邓子瑜在惠州得知黄冈起义已经发动,即率领会党武装起而响应,起义军在惠州城外七女湖截获清军水师枪械,并攻克泰尾、杨村、三达、柏塘等一些村镇。各乡会党也纷纷赶来响应。义军与清军战斗十余日,终因敌我力量悬殊,最后不得不自行解散。

五、丁未防城之役(1907年9月),也称钦廉防城起义,主要指挥者王和顺

1907年初,广东钦州、廉州(今合浦)一带人民举行过大规模的武装抗捐斗争。同年9月,孙中山派王和顺至广东钦州,发动那黎、那彭、那思各乡人民起义。9月5日,王和顺率领200多人攻入防城,以“中华国民军都督王”名义发布《告粤省同胞书》、《告海外同胞书》、《招降满洲将士布告》,申明以自由、平等、博爱为根本,扫专制不平之政治,建立民主立宪之政体,行土地国有之制度,使四万万人无一不得其所。革命军在战斗中扩大队伍达三千多人。但革命军进攻钦州府城及广西灵山等地均未得手。后因腹背受敌而告失败。

六、丁未镇南关之役(1907年12月),也称镇南关起义,主要指挥者黄明堂

1907年12月,孙中山派黄明堂(壮族)和关仁甫率广西游勇80多人,并联络清军内应,攻打镇南关,占领了右辅山的镇南、镇中、镇北三个炮台。孙中山率领黄兴、胡汉民从越南河内赶到镇南关亲自督战。孙中山还在阵地上为伤员包扎,亲手发炮轰击敌人,孙中山十分感慨地说:“反对清政府二十余年,此日始得亲发炮击清军耳!”并到炮台附近壮族村民聚居的地方访问、宣传。由于起义军枪械弹药不足,孙中山即返回河内筹办。清军旋以四千余人围攻右辅山。义军坚守炮台,血战数日,因寡不敌众,不得不突围而出。起义遂告失败。

七、戊申马笃山之役(1908年3月),也称钦康上思起义,主要指挥者黄兴

1908年3月,孙中山派黄兴率领旅越南华侨中的同盟会员200多人,组成中华国民军南军,攻入广东钦州。在钦州、廉州、上思一带几十个村镇之间,转战40余日,义军队伍发展到600多人,战斗中先后击败清军一万人。后因弹药不继,义军宣布解散。

八、戊申河口之役(1908年4月),也称河口起义,主要指挥者黄明堂、王和顺、关仁甫

与黄兴率领起义军转战于钦州、廉州、上思一带的同时,孙中山又派黄明堂等人率领从镇南关撤出的革命军开赴云南边境,发动了河口起义。4月29日起义军与清军中的反正部队会合,攻克河口。在河口,起义军张贴了《中华国民军都督黄告示》。此后,起义军又分兵出击,连克新街、南溪、坝洒,直迫蛮耗、蒙自;部队也由三百余人发展到三千余人。孙中山即委黄兴为云南国民军总司令,节制各军,并命他赶到河口督师。但终因寡不敌众而失败。

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