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希特勒曾三次调停中日战争最后为何都失败

2016-08-24 14:47:33   海外网

12月2日,陶德曼在外交次长徐谟的陪同下由上海到了南京。为了推卸卖国投降的责任,蒋介石召集国民党高级将领会议,叫徐谟列席,报告昨天陶德曼所转达的日本的条件。当时参加会的高级将领,揣摹蒋的意旨,赞成以日本所提条件为进行和谈的基础。会后蒋接见了陶德曼,向他提出三点:一、以日本建议为和谈的基础;二、保持华北领土主权之完整;三、和谈中不得涉及中国与第三国已成的协定。蒋介石怀疑“日本人说话不算数”,希望德国在和谈中作双方的公证人。陶德曼表示德国只能在幕后活动,不便公开参加谈判。他特别强调必须反共。蒋介石请德国转达日本政府,中日举行和谈时日本政府对于所提的条件,必须绝对保密。由于日本陆军派军人自恃武力,没有等待德国调停成熟,继续向南京进兵,12月5日蒋匆匆离开南京,13日南京陷落,德国的第二次调停遂告停顿。

12月6日,蒋在汉口召开最高国防会议,再叫徐谟将陶德曼的调停经过在会上汇报。德国外交部也将国民党政府的意见电达驻日大使狄克逊,叫他转告日本外相广田。广田声称,须征求军部的意见,才能作出回答,但根据估计,日本在南京得手之后,恐难按照一个月以前所提的条件进行谈判。狄克逊劝告说:“蒋介石如果超过所能承认的限度接受条件,他的政府必将倒台,而蒋介石政府倒台,中日战争必将持久,对日本有所不利。”

随后广田回答狄克逊,日本改提条件如下:一、中日“满”三国合作防共;二、华北特殊化,并将特殊化范围扩大到内蒙及上海附近的非军事区;三、中日“满”三国成立经济合作协定;四、中国赔偿日本战费。广田附带声明,中日进行和谈的程序如下,蒋介石先表明坚决反共的态度,然后派代表至日本政府所指定之地点,并由德国元首建议中日直接谈判,日本表示可以接受;日本必须在和约成立后始能停止军事行动。狄克逊认为,这些条件,中国恐难于接受。广田一口咬定:“这些条件已由内阁决定,上奏天皇批准,此外就没有其他方案了。”

南京失陷后不久,陶德曼又到汉口会见了蒋介石。他听到了国民党政府决定派孙科到莫斯科签定中苏同盟条约的消息,于12月13日访问了蒋介石的“智囊”张群,探听虚实。张群阴阳怪气地说:“是有这么一回事,但你见过委员长后,委员长已命孙科暂缓启程。”陶德曼立即将此面消息及中国人心倾向苏联的有关情况报告了德国外交部。

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