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平民和武装人员带血撤离 阿勒颇战事趋于明朗

2016-12-21 15:31:10   

由于俄罗斯同法国等方面达成妥协,联合国安理会19日得以就叙利亚阿勒颇局势新决议草案表决并获通过。专家认为,阿勒颇战事趋于明朗,叙利亚危机政治解决又有新机会,但还缺条件。

【带血的撤离】

平民和武装人员从阿勒颇的撤离断断续续。大规模撤离始于16日,俄罗斯国防部当天宣布叙利亚政府军全面控制阿勒颇局势。按各方达成的停火安排,当地平民和武装人员撤出叙政府军控制的阿勒颇城区。

但媒体报道,撤离不断被打断。18日晚发生了对撤离车队的袭击。从社交媒体上的视频看,一队被纵火的汽车剧烈燃烧。组织撤离的叙利亚政府运输部门负责人说,6辆运输车辆被毁,一名司机被杀害。德新社报道,袭击撤离车队的是一伙同“基地”组织有关联的武装人员。

联合国高级特使扬·埃格兰严厉谴责这次袭击,称之为“针对平民的愚蠢的恐怖主义行径”。据联合国估计,过去几个月有超过25万人被困于反对派此前控制的阿勒颇东部地区。寒冬已经到来,尽快更多地撤离、安置平民成为当前阿勒颇局势的焦点。19日,在各方压力下,撤离行动得以恢复。

莫斯科大学外籍教授、中国政法大学欧洲研究中心研究员王晓伟认为,阿勒颇的撤离行动,除了各方都明确支持的人道主义倡议,还存在深层谋划。反政府武装已无法据守阿勒颇,安全撤离是最好的选择。美国等西方国家希望能够保存反叙利亚政府的有生武装力量,以图将来。俄方的考虑似乎更有深意,叙政府军其实可以乘胜打击反对派武装,如今却为其留出“求生通道”,一方面为避免更多伤亡,以消解舆论压力,另一方面,由于美国总统贝拉克·奥巴马的任期即将结束,俄方无意将谈判解决叙利亚危机的“红包”留给他,而是倾向于交给当选总统唐纳德·特朗普,从而在相对“和缓”的条件下,开局俄美新的交往。

资料图:撤离阿勒颇的平民

【艰苦的谈判】

安理会表决通过的决议,一个重点是向阿勒颇派遣观察人员。德新社报道,就这个问题以及决议草案的表述,俄方对法国方面提交的决议草案存在异议,使得商谈延长,原计划于18日举行的安理会投票延迟举行。

俄罗斯常驻联合国代表维塔利·丘尔金说,俄方不反对向阿勒颇派遣观察人员,但这些人员应该更训练有素、派遣程序应安排得更好。俄方就此另外提出一份决议草案。据报道,法方和俄方的草案随后得到“建设性的商谈”,丘尔金在结束谈判之后说,各方进行了很好的商谈,得到一份很好的草案文本,为安理会表决创造了条件。

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