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希特勒曾三次调停中日战争最后为何都失败

2016-08-24 14:47:33   海外网

根据德国外交部档案,1937年10月下旬,希特勒密令德国驻日大使狄克逊向日本外相广田探询日本所希望的中日和平条件。当时上海尚未全部陷落,日军在上海作战伤亡重大,广田提出了四个条件:(1)中国承认“满洲国”;(2)华北特殊化;(3)中日共同防共;(4)中日经济提携。

10月30日,德国驻华大使陶德曼奉命拜访 国民党政府外交部次长陈介,劝告中国政府与日本讲和,并表示德国愿意居间调停。他还威胁地说:“九国公约国会议不会产生有利于中国的结果,而中国与苏联签订互不侵犯条约,乃是大错特错,希望中国政府能够改变这个政策。”

11月3日,也就是日军在金山卫登陆的前两天,狄克逊再度会晤广田时,广田因日军在上海作已占优势而增加了内蒙自治、华北建立非军事区、以亲日派为华北行政长官的三个条件。陶德曼奉命将这些条件面达了蒋介石。蒋对德国出任调停表示感谢,并且反问陶德曼对此有何意见。陶德曼这些条件可以作为中日谈判的基础。蒋介石向陶德曼讲了一句真心话:“如果接受日本的这些条件,中国政府必将无以立足,而共产党起而当政,对日本也是不利的。”稍停,蒋介石又作了补充说明:“目前九国的公约国正在比利时开会,可望觅取和平途径,暂时难于正式承认日本的要求。”陶德曼对蒋答复非常不满。与此同时,希特勒还通过德国顾问福根霍孙,用蒋的话反对来威胁蒋说:“如果战争拖延下去, 中国经济一定会崩溃,共产党一定会取国民党的政权而代之。”

以上情况,说明蒋介石在事实上可以默认放弃东北领土和华北主权,只要不用公开的条约形式公布出来。而德国热心于调停中日战争,根本不是帮助中国,而是为它的盟国日本釜底抽薪,压迫中国投降。

九国公约国会议从11月3日开到11月5日,仅仅通过了一项空洞无物的决议:谴责日本企图以武力改变中国现状的政策。日本对此视若无睹,在占领上海后,继续向南京进攻。11月28日,陶德曼在上海建议再作一次中日和平的努力。12月1日,德国外长牛赖特劝告中国驻德大使程天放:“中国已无法转败为胜,而时间对中国不利。”

十分明显,此时德国加紧调停的步骤,目的在于配合日本速战速决的方针,帮助日本拔出泥足,以便共同对苏作战。在日本军事逼降和德国外交诱降双管齐下的局势下,蒋介石动摇得非常厉害,他主张“坚守”南京不是为了战略上的需要,而是等待陶德曼到南京来再作一次调停中日战争的努力。

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