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刘伯承通报西路军失败 近百名团以上军官大哭

2016-05-19 14:49:05   李意根 党史纵横

根据党中央关于“援西军全部在镇原、青石嘴线停止待命,加紧训练”的指示,援西军中止西进,驻扎在西峰、镇原、固原地域,负责营救和收容西路军失散人员,开展地方工作。当时他们在面向祁连山的条条道路上开设了三个招待所,数十个收容站,插上了千百个路标,全力呼唤那些衣衫褴褛、九死一生的英雄们。几乎每天,收容站都能接到回来的人。他们有的扮做乞丐、羊倌,有的化装成游医或者算命先生从山路上,荒原上,沙漠上各个方向回来。每个战士都蓬头垢面、形容枯瘦……在那段日子里,刘伯承每天都沉浸在极大的悲伤中。

就在接收西路军失散人员的过程中,刘伯承的援西军接到了一个“大人物”——西路军总指挥徐向前。1937年3月中旬,根据石窝子会议,徐向前将部队交给李先念率领,自己根据中央的指示到延安汇报情况。一个多月以后的4月29日,徐向前在小屯遇上了带侦察分队执行任务的红四军参谋长耿飚和刘志坚。4月30日,刘伯承派人把徐向前接到援西军总部——镇原。当晚,任弼时、张浩、杨奇清等人闻讯赶来,欢迎徐向前的归来。徐向前向大家介绍了西路军在河西走廊的血战情况,当谈到祁连山分兵,几乎全军覆灭时,眼泪在眼眶里闪动,几乎说不出话来。刘伯承说:“胜败乃兵家常事嘛。你是四方面军的旗帜,你回来了,就等于西路军回来了,休整休整,咱们一块儿再干!”

5月5日,中共中央获悉一个情报:部分西路军战俘将由兰州押往西安。原来,国民党计划于5月下旬把被俘关在兰州的西路军1300多人分编为军官队(130多人)、士兵队(1200多人),由西兰公路解送西安。一直都在设法营救西路军蒙难将士的中共中央副主席周恩来得此情报,兴奋不已,当晚电示红军总部的彭德怀,并请他们转告援西军总部,火速派出侦察人员,务要将这一千多名革命种子救出。刘伯承得知消息后,立即组织全力营救。

国民党的九十八师派了一个营约500-人的兵力负责解送这批俘虏。押解队伍于5月下旬从兰州出发,9天后到达平凉,在平凉飞机场由九十八师移交给四十三师。移交第二日上午,由平凉解送将至四十里铺时,国民党四十三师的押送人员发现,有一些三三两两骑自行车商人模样的人,出现在西(安)兰(州)公路上。当押解队伍在路边小铺子休息喝茶时,这些人便推着自行车,向他们招揽生意:“喂,老总,买几个锅盔吃吃吧,走路肚子饿得快,很便宜,一角钱十个。”更奇怪的是,他们买锅盔时,俘虏要一个,商人模样的人却给两个,甚至还给三个呢。每当递给锅盔时,总是要使个眼色说:“好好看看这是两个,这是三个。”他们让每个人都买了锅盔,才推着车子走了。果然,被俘的同志偷偷掰开锅盔一看,中间夹着两块钱和一张纸条,上面写着“四十里铺以东便是游击区”,落款写着“援西军侦察员”。军官队的党组织秘密决定当晚向镇原方面逃跑,并立即通知士兵队,要他们在路上故意拖延,到四十里铺宿营后趁黑夜一同逃走。到达四十里铺时已夕阳西下,各队吵着要吃饭。饭后即停止行进,就地宿营,分住在老百姓家里,各家早有援西军的侦察联络人员,指点逃跑的方向路线。晚上9时许,雷电交加,风雨大作,乘敌人守戒松懈,军官队和士兵队的部分战士在援西军联络人员的带领下,冒着滂沱大雨,连夜渡过泾河,向东北爬上草峰原,翻过潘阳涧,先后到达镇原,全部回到了援西军。

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