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刘伯承通报西路军失败 近百名团以上军官大哭

2016-05-19 14:49:05   李意根 党史纵横

本文摘自《党史纵横》2009年04期,作者:李意根,原题:刘伯承生死情系红四方面军。

临危授命,援西军司令员千里营救西路军

1937年2月27日,刘伯承担任了援西军司令员,而这个“西”,指的就是主要由红四方面军组成的西路军。

早在1936年10月,红一、二、四方面军三大主力在甘肃会宁会师后,中革军委先后命令红四方面军的第三十军、九军、五军渡过了黄河,巩固和扩大以陕甘宁苏区为中心的革命根据地,并打通从蒙古到前苏联的交通线,以便获得国际援助,发展抗日民族统一战线。1936年11月11日,中共中央和军委致电红四方面军领导人,令河西部队称“西路军”,领导机关称“西路军军政委员会”,以陈昌浩为主席,徐向前为副主席。西路军在西北军阀马步芳、马步青骑兵和国民党胡宗南部优势兵力的夹击下,虽经全体指战员浴血奋战,但由于环境恶劣,众寡悬殊,给养困难,特别是1936年12月在甘肃永昌战斗中损失惨重,一大批指战员壮烈牺牲。对此,军委于1937年2月27日发出了《军委主席团关于组织援西军问题给彭德怀、任弼时的指示》,决定立即组成“援西军”,对西路军进行援救。援西军以四军、三十一军、三十二军、二十八军和骑兵团组成,刘伯承为司令员,张浩任政委,左权为参谋长,刘晓为政治部主任。其中,红四军、红三十一军也是红四方面军的队伍。就这样,时任军委委员、总参谋长、红军大学副校长的刘伯承,开始了率领着红四方面军一部营救另一部的行动。刘伯承的命运也与这支部队紧紧联系在一起,再也没有分开过。

1937年3月5日,刘伯承率援西军从陕西淳化、三原地区出发,日夜兼程向西挺进。3月10日左右,部队经肖金镇、电字镇到达甘肃东部的镇原县。3月中旬,从各军抽调干部组建了司令部和政治部机关。3月13日,刘伯承突然接到了一份党中央的电报。他一看电报内容,不敢耽搁,立即下了两道命令:一是“停止前进”,二是“团以上领导集合”。在一座普通宅院的普通房间里,刘伯承满脸铁青,传达并通报有关情况:“……红四方面军总部率二点一万人,从甘肃靖远县虎豹口西渡黄河,击溃了马步青骑兵第五师马禄旅的河防部队,节节向前推进……西路军将士英勇进击,连克古浪、永昌、山丹、临泽等城镇,到1937年1月,已打到高台县境。但孤军远征,消耗难以补充,又正逢冬季,给养、被装更为困难,一路上损失颇大……西路军将士浴血奋战,给敌以重大杀伤,然而自己也损失隆重。1937年1月底,全军仅剩八九千人,退守到祁连山区掖县倪家营子……部队连续苦战,终因弹尽粮绝,于3月中旬失败。第五军军长董振堂,政委杨克明,第九军军长孙玉清,政委陈海松,方面军供给部部长郑义斋等高级干部均壮烈牺牲……”通报未念完,一颗泪珠滚落在电报上,被称作“军神”的刘伯承闭上仅有的一只眼睛,哽咽着,再也念不下去了。围坐在四周的近百名团以上军官先是目瞪口呆,紧接着放声大哭,悲痛不已。门外站岗的士兵吓坏了,不知道发生了什么事情,让这些曾经身经百战的首长们如此激动。

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