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铁托写信给斯大林:我派一个人就能干掉你!

2016-02-16 09:29:01   新浪历史

1953年3月初,改革浪潮吹遍整个苏联。经受了长期的压制后,斯大林的继任者终于可以在他死后变革其政策。苏共中央主席团没有一个人赞同他总体上 保守的政策,甚至像莫洛托夫、卡冈诺维奇这样苏共党内的保守派也赞同实施一定程度的改革。斯大林长期以来打击的改革终于有了实施的可能性。然而社会上并未 出现关于改革的讨论。苏联当时是不允许民众讨论这些问题的。苏共党内斯大林的接班人想做的最后一件事就是要让苏联的普通公民,或者政府的基层官员能对克里 姆林宫的决策产生影响。

莫洛托夫和卡冈诺维奇无法阻止马林科夫、贝利亚和赫鲁晓夫的改革计划。马林科夫想增加集体农庄的拨款以推动苏联的农业生产,他还赞同增加轻工业 的投资。赫鲁晓夫想在苏联开荒,以结束几十年以来苏联粮食供应不足的问题。马林科夫和贝利亚决心推动苏美的和平共处:他们担心冷战将给人类带来一场灾难。 贝利亚希望同南斯拉夫建立友好关系,他也想废除俄罗斯在苏联境内的特权,并减少对各民族文化自我发展的限制。马林科夫、贝利亚和赫鲁晓夫都认为,公众的生 活不应该像斯大林时期那样充满暴力和专断。他们主张释放劳动营里的政治犯并封锁官方媒体,避免宣传老一套的做法。如果苏联改变了斯大林的政策,那么就没必 要把斯大林当神一样去崇拜了。

苏共主席团非常谨慎地处理斯大林的物质遗产。1924年列宁逝世时,斯大林成了列宁著作的管理者,他决定应该出版列宁的哪些著作,哪些不应该出 版。他自己出版了 《论列宁主义的基础》。斯大林参考列宁的著作,从而为自己的所作所为寻求合法性。斯大林的接班人都熟悉这些。1953年3月5日,经苏共中央委员会授权, 他们将《斯大林文集》没收,并匿名送给了各公共图书馆马克思列宁主义研究所,只留了几百本书。斯大林的许多信件和电报都被烧掉了,他的大部分文章和著作的 草稿也不见了。“斯大林文集”的最后一部分很不完整。

斯大林孔策沃别墅的桌子上还有秘密。在一个抽屉的报纸下面夹着三页纸。其中一份是铁托写的:

斯大林:

不要派人来杀我了。我们已经抓了五百个人了,有些人带着炸弹,有些人拿着枪……如果你还是派人来杀我,那我也派个人去莫斯科,我肯定不会送第二个。

这是铁托写给斯大林的。还没有人敢这样对斯大林说话。也许这就是为什么斯大林留着这个纸条的原因。他还保留着布哈林写给他的最后信件:“柯巴, 为什么你一定要我死呢?”难道斯大林每次重读这封信时很兴奋?(据说他一直对布哈林有看法。)第三份是列宁1922年3月5日写的一封信,内容是要斯大林 为自己的粗鲁言行向克鲁普斯卡娅道歉。这是他收到的列宁的最后一封信,信的内容很伤自尊。如果不是他心里放不下这几件事情,他是不会保留这些信件的。

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