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七七事变是颗后悔药:日本原不想扩大事变

2016-02-03 10:48:39   新华网

七七事变

蒋介石的最后忠告

“七七事变”的主要人物是“支那驻屯军”第一联队联队长牟田口廉也大佐,这位是陆大29期的,毕业后分配在参谋本部,做过参谋本部庶务科长。“七七事变”前一年升上大佐,来到中国。一到中国就来了一个“第二次丰台事件”,时间是1936年9月18日,威逼宋哲元交出了丰台。

得了手,尝到了甜头,一发而不可收拾,第二年又发生了“卢沟桥事变”。

不少日本人喜欢探讨所谓“卢沟桥事变的真相”,研究是谁开的第一枪,除了日本人的严谨习性之外,更多的是出于一种“悔不当初”的感情。冈村宁次在回忆录里有一句话,最好地说明了这种研究热的由来:“《塘沽协定》……是从满洲事变到大东亚战争的长期对外战争中最重要的境界线,如果那时候就停止了那种积极的对外政策就好了。不,就应该停止。”很多日本人一直在吃后悔药——如果没有“卢沟桥事变”就好了。他们没有想到或者不愿去想:卢沟桥事件本身可能是偶然事件,但卢沟桥事变反映出来的当时中日关系和中日民族的想法则是必然的。在华北大地上已经铺满了干柴,随便的一点星星之火都可以燎原的。

首先,当时的日本人作为一个整体民族也好,作为单个的个人也好,都极为好战。在军部和不良媒体的宣传下,“惩膺暴支”已经成为日本人的一种主流思维,其实在当时的日本人看来,中国除了是“暴支”之外,还是“弱支”,一个支离破碎、病入膏肓,等着日本去占领的弱国,都不存在“战斗”的问题。

反过来看中国,无论是共产党还是国民党甚至大多数地方军阀,他们也渴望战斗。但这不是一种能用“反日好战”来解释的情绪,这只是一种求生的本能。中国弱,很弱,同样的战斗,中国要比日本付出更大得多的代价和牺牲,但中华民族在当时没有选择的能力,战争是被强加在他们头上的。作为整体民族也好,作为单体个人也好,要想生存下去,首先必须战斗,这就是1937年7月在中国大陆存在的事实。

看看7月17日蒋介石的庐山文告就知道了,蒋介石是这么说的:“总之,政府对于卢沟桥事件,已确定始终一贯的方针和立场,且必以全力固守这个立场。我们希望和平,而不求苟安;准备应战,而决不求战。我们知道全国应战以后之局势,就只有牺牲到底,无丝毫侥幸求免之理。如果战端一开,那就是地无分南北,年无分老幼,无论何人,皆有守土抗战之责任,皆应抱定牺牲一切之决心。”

现在看了这种用词,真使人欷歔,而这个背景就是当时的中国确实是一个弱国,这是不争的事实,所以蒋介石提出的四点立场仅仅是:“(一)任何解决,不得侵害中国主权与领土之完整;(二)冀察行政组织,不容任何不合法之改变;(三)中央政府所派地方官吏,如冀察政务委员会委员长宋哲元等,不能任人要求撤换;(四)第29军现在所驻地区,不能受任何的约束。”

虽然更加亲英美,但蒋介石无论如何也不能说是什么“仇日派”,就是这个并不仇日的蒋介石,也对日本帝国做了最后的忠告:“这四点立场,是弱国外交最低限度,如果对方犹能设身处地为东方民族作一个远大的打算,不想促成两国关系达于最后关头,不愿造成中日两国世代永远的仇恨,对于我们这最低限度之立场,应该不至于漠视。”

但是这些正不可一世的参谋们,怎么可能听得进蒋介石的最后忠告呢?

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