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孙立人受邀参观欧洲惹怒蒋介石

2016-01-13 16:50:48   新华网

郭案牵连终遭罢黜

及至1954年,“美台共同防御条约”签署,台湾被正式纳入美国在远东的防卫圈中,台湾的安全得到极大的巩固。对于蒋介石来说,此刻的孙立人不但没有任何用处,相反还是威胁,尽管孙已经没有什么实权了。

这一年6月,孙立人被调任“总统府”参军长,明升实贬,彻底被解除了兵权。然而这还并不意味着结束,一场更大的阴谋正在酝酿当中。

1955年5月25日,在蒋的授意下,毛人凤将孙的旧部、步兵学校少校教官郭廷亮以“匪谍”为名逮捕,由此拉开又一拨整肃高潮,一周之后,台湾南部又爆发了所谓“兵谏案”。不到一个月的时间内,被拘捕的孙立人的旧部达到300多人,意在通过这些下属来寻找打击孙立人的突破口。

郭廷亮被捕4天后,蒋介石还故作无事地召见孙立人,据孙回忆:

“一九五五年五月廿八日上午十时正,‘总统’召见我,第一句话问我近来看什么书?我回答:‘看《南宋史》。’他说:‘那很好,很好。’他接著说:‘你没有什么,你以后少跟政客们来往。’我回答他说:‘是的,我一生最讨厌玩政治和与政客打交道。’他随即说:‘这次我要把你给孤立起来。’同时他面色变得很难看(气愤),随即又回转微笑(不自然的)说:‘你对于训练部队很好,不过打仗不行。’

我当时听了他这话,几乎迷惑了。真是使我啼笑皆非,不知从何说起。我当时直言以对:‘不然,将不知兵,何以为战?盖兵战实为一体两面,而不可分离。窃职总发从军追随钧座卅余年,转战国内外大小凡百余战,从未辱钧命,而攻无不克,战无不胜,守无寸土之失。殊不知钧座所言‘打仗不行’何所指也?若言争权夺利,欺世盗名,则我不屑也。’言毕敬礼而退。未想到这竟是最后一次的见面。”

面对山雨欲来,谣言满天,许多人劝孙立人尽速出走,但耿直的孙立人自认问心无愧,不为所动。而此时已被逮捕的郭廷亮,被押往高雄凤山审讯,政工干部要他承认有谋叛意图,逼他交出孙立人的所谓兵变计划。郭廷亮自然严词拒绝了这些子虚乌有的问题,于是遭受严刑拷打。他不为所动,坚持不承认有谋叛企图。眼看一招不成,保密局特勤室主任毛惕园又策划出一计。先是将郭的妻儿也关入监牢。然后他与毛人凤共同导演,劝郭廷亮写自白书承认自己是“共产党的间谍”以此来换取早日释放,并且谎称保证出狱有工作,不会牵连孙立人。在威逼利诱之下,郭廷亮写下了“自白书”。接着办案人员拿着这份“自白书”去威胁其他涉案人员,几经反复,终于有了几十份令他们满意的“自白书”。自此郭廷亮“匪谍”案和南部“兵谏”案便告坐实,扳倒孙立人已是箭在弦上。

8月3日,“总统府”局长黄伯度带着上述“自白书”来到已被宪兵包围的孙立人官邸,要其引咎辞职。孙立人知道其中必定有诈,断然拒绝。黄又透过其部下陆军副总司令贾幼慧,以及孙的侄子孙克刚等,转达“上面”坚决整顿孙立人旧属的立场,要孙立人顾全300多名部下的性命。自知回天乏术,孙立人无奈写下一份简短辞呈。然而这份辞呈并不能令上面满意,反复几次,写出了一份“符合要求”的辞呈。

8月20日,“总统府”发布“彻查令”,10月23日,歪曲事实的报告出炉,结论是:孙的部下郭廷亮“为中共工作”,利用孙的关系在军中联络军官,准备发动“兵谏”,孙未及时“举报”亦未“采取适当防范之措施”,“应负责任”。郭廷亮被判处无期徒刑,先在绿岛监狱服刑,假释后,却发生了在火车上跳车身亡的离奇“意外”。

幽居台中教子有方

对于被免职的孙立人,蒋氏父子采取“不杀、不审、不问、不判、不抓、不关”,但也“不放”的“七不”政策。1956年6月,孙立人被逐出台北市南昌路官邸,迁往台中市向上路一段18号居所,开始了漫长的软禁生涯。

孙的居所原为军方宿舍,四周筑有围墙,戒备森严,门前向上路两头堵死,由“国防部”派来的6名“保卫人员”日夜监视,外人不得入内,孙立人和家人也不能随便外出。孙的任何活动,包括打电话,都须通过“保卫人员”向上请示,得到允许后方可进行。孙立人外出,由“国防部”派车,另外,加派一辆吉普车跟随。孙家围墙外,有军事情报局加盖的一栋三层楼的指挥中心,居高临下,随时监视孙的一举一动。凡是“上头”认为“不方便”的事,孙立人均不得擅自去做。外出也必须“保卫人员”“陪同”前往。当时,蒋介石对孙立人看管极严,连孙立人的厨子身上都藏着刀,只要有人想救孙立人,立马一起干掉。

幽居的日子里,家人成了孙立人最大的安慰。孙立人与张梅英前后生育四个孩子,他以“中国安定,天下太平”为儿女命名。儿女多了,开销也变大。孙为官清廉,并无积蓄,幽禁之后又不给薪水,生活十分拮据。早在他担任陆军总司令时,家里就十分清贫,菜金要限制,若来人添菜,只有咸蛋、炒蛋或皮蛋,家人背后称为“三蛋轰炸”。张梅英回忆说:“后来四个孩子长大了,进学校读书,每天要带便当,没钱买米,四个孩子只能分三个鸡蛋吃。”

孙立人也尝试在家养鸡、养鸟,养猪,开辟果园,后来改种玫瑰,他虚心向花农请教,悉心栽培,广受欢迎,被称为“将军玫瑰”。家中有时缺少菜钱,他便到后院剪些玫瑰花,由张梅英骑自行车送到菜市场,交换一些青菜豆腐。粗茶淡饭,一家倒也其乐融融。

然而围墙之外,却是戒备森严。孙立人的小孩直到读小学之后,才有机会跟外界小朋友接触。即便如此,由于家庭的特殊身份,老师和同学都会以异样的眼神看他们。为了不给孩子心理上造成影响,孙立人很少在孩子面前讲述他的往事。

长子孙安平回忆说:“但小孩子们是有感觉的,或多或少对父亲的冤枉知道一点,心中总为父亲的遭遇叫屈。有时候看到父亲想到旧日的部属受到不好的对待,或想到过去一些不公平的事情,总是涨红了脸,不说话,我们就觉察到他很难过。”

孙立人老年得子,对他们虽疼爱有加,但管教却丝毫不放松。他每天为孩子补习功课,无论国语、英语还是数学,他都能讲解,有时比老师讲的还清楚。在他的悉心调教下,长女孙中平和幺女孙太平考取清华大学,长子孙安平考取中原理工学院,次子孙天平考取辅仁大学。四个孩子上大学,每年开学交学费,是家里的一大难事。孙立人的堂妹孙敬婉回忆说:“二哥脾气很犟,非到山穷水尽,绝不会让人帮忙。有一天,他的大儿子要进大学学费没着落,二哥迫不得已,才打电话给我,要我帮忙,我知道他一定是没办法了,才会开口的。”1974年,长女孙中平由清华毕业,父女希望能一起参加毕业典礼。但上面觉得敏感,未能前往,成为遗憾。1959年孙的亲哥哥孙同人去世时,孙立人也同样受阻未能前往,只好看着哥哥送的砚台痛哭。

到了1979年,长子安平和幺女太平同时从清华毕业,孙立人再度申请参加毕业典礼,终获许可,但同时上面与他约法三章:不许上台说话,不准带花,不准与任何人交谈。孙立人如此参加过典礼后,在笔记本上写道:有理无处讲,有冤无处申。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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