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美国将基因编辑列入大规模杀伤性武器:堪比核弹

2016-02-19 13:12:22   观察者网

报告还指出:“基于这种双刃剑技术的广泛分布、低成本以及发展速度之快。有意或无意的不当使用均会对经济和国家安全造成深远的影响。”报告尤其强调,改变人类生殖细胞的实验也会产生遗传作用。

麻省理工科技评论报道说,中国的科研部门已经使用CRISPR来改变人胚胎,造成国际社会对相关伦理的热议。而在一周前,英国科学家也获得批准,可以在人中进行基因改写的试验。

华盛顿特区的威尔逊国际学者中心(Woodrow Wilson Center)的生物武器专家皮埃尔斯 米勒(Piers Millet)表示,因为制造这种武器需要“非常广泛的技术”,所以对基因编辑技术列入大规模杀伤武器的报告感到惊讶。

该报告除了列出大规模杀伤武器的名单,还专门提及网络安全、恐怖主义、太空及空间对抗、反间谍、跨国组织犯罪、经济和自然资源以及人类安全等问题。

CRISPR基因工程有潜在的制造灾难作用

科技相对论援引《麻省理工科技评论》2月9日报道,该报告未提及任何基因编辑技术的名称,但是人们很容易联想最近几年出现的CRISPR基因改写技术。

近年来,人们发现CRISPR基因改写操作效率高、成本低。因此有人担忧。虽然这种基因编辑技术据说可以治疗一些疾病及改良农作物,但是会因为可以进行婴儿设计或产生超级微生物而带来道德伦理或生物灾难。

CRISPR的英文全称为Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,即“规律成簇间隔短回文重复”,实际上是一种来源于细菌的基因编辑器,可以很容易地制造一种基因武器。

而且,研究人员发现,它几乎是一种万能基因武器,可用来精确的删除、添加、激活或抑制目标基因,并能涉及很多生物,如人、鼠、斑马鱼、细菌、果 蝇、酵母、线虫以及农作物等等。

那么,究竟何为基因编辑,上述“控告”属实吗?

苷酸序列进行删除和插入等操作,使人们可以依照自己的意愿改写遗传密码。举例来说,基因编辑可以通过改变人类胚胎的基因,修复其中的致病部分,并且这一“优质基因”可以得到遗传。诸如“宫颈癌、阿尔茨海默综合征、唐氏综合征”这样的遗传疾病可以在家族病携带者的后代中消失。长期以来,对DNA的编辑只能通过物理和化学诱变、同源重组等方式来实现。 这些方法要么编辑位置随机,要么需要花费大量人力物力进行操作,但CRISPR/Cas9的出现,使得科技人员能够方便而精确地对DNA和核苷酸序列进行编辑,不仅操作更为简单,成本也极其便宜:应用者只需花60美元便可以在网上买到其中最基本的材料。事实上,在诸如医疗、农业、畜牧业等研究中,这一技术已经显示出了巨大的应用前景。

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