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美国将基因编辑列入大规模杀伤性武器:堪比核弹

2016-02-19 13:12:22   观察者网

在今年的1月4日,受比尔·盖茨、谷歌等知名风投资助的基因编辑制药公司EditasMedicine就递交了在纳斯达克挂牌上市申请(S-1文件)。这意味着,仅仅创立两年有余的Editas将成为CRISPR基因编辑领域首家IPO公司,资本界对该公司的认可,与CRISPR的大规模复制能力带来的规模生产效应不无联系。

基因编辑技术CRISPR是一种人为地创造新物种的有效手段或方法,理论上来说,它可以在较短的时间内创造新的物种,包括新的病毒、新的支原体、新的细菌、新的真菌、新的植物、新的动物甚至新的人类。”中华医学会智库专家、免疫学博士钱勇在接受《第一财经日报》记者采访时表示。

令人激动又恐惧

2015年11月底,CRISPR占据了很多头条版面,当时研究人员宣布他们可以使用基因编辑技术开启蚊子的一个基因驱动以消除疟疾。长久以来,基因驱动都只是一个理论,没办法得到实际应用。但CRISPR的出现让加州大学欧文和圣迭戈分校的研究者针对蚊子中的疟疾创造出了一种有效的基因驱动。因为蚊子能够传播疟疾,所以在野外环境中运用这种基因驱动有望能以很快的速度完全根除这种疾病。

但科学界的担忧是,创造者如何确保这项技术不会带来消除疟疾之外的负面影响,比如某种经过“编辑后”的疾病的大规模传播?

事实上早在去年4月,《第一财经日报》就曾对中国科学家进行人类“胚胎基因编辑”的研究进行过报道。尽管结果证明这项技术目前离真正的人体试验还相距甚远,但这一研究方向依旧受到了不少国际研究者的指责,也正因此,该论文最初的投稿方《自然》和《科学》将其拒之门外。

而在今年1月14日,英国法院开始审查由弗朗西斯·克里克研究所(FCI)提交的开始对人类胚胎进行转基因研究的申请。

FCI的研究备受争议的关键是:我们如何保证对使用这一技术进行“定制婴儿”的科学家是否具有控制力,优胜劣汰的自然法则会遭到破坏吗?

“基因编辑的诞生打破了传统的、天然的、缓慢的遗传、变异和进化的过程。因此,适当利用,对人类进步和文明有好处,但是不当利用,确实存在可以用来制造危害人类的病毒或病菌的可能。 ”钱勇表示,但也有乐观的基因科学人员表达了不同的看法,“实验室用CRISPR做某种特定基因消除的小白鼠失败率还那么高,用到人身上恐怕还早着呢!”一名生物学研究者就此对记者表示。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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