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首访非中国:尼泊尔新总理变卦

2016-01-12 09:16:56   观察者网

尼泊尔前首相比斯塔接受尼泊尔《共和国报》记者采访指出,摆脱英国殖民获得了自由的印度,对尼泊尔实施封锁目的是要变尼泊尔为印度的殖民地。印度对尼泊尔实施第一次封锁是因为1969年尼泊尔政府决定撤除印度在尼泊尔驻扎的军事力量;第二次封锁是因为1989年尼泊尔从中国进口武器。目前这次封锁,意在逼迫尼泊尔修改刚刚颁布实施的宪法,允许位于尼泊尔南部特莱平原的印度裔马德西人单独建邦,进而更好地控制尼泊尔,印度想要建立对尼泊尔安全和水资源的绝对主导。

《加德满都邮报》2015年11月10日发表尼泊尔公共卫生专家贾亚·拉米查恩的文章对印度封锁尼泊尔的真正原因予以分析,认为印度旨在控制尼泊尔的水资源,呼吁国际社会打破沉默。该报11月20日第7版刊登尼泊尔神学教育协会执行主任拉麦士·卡特里博士题为《历史的教训》的文章,对印度吞并锡金的历史教训予以分析,指出现在受到印度封锁的尼泊尔与当年的锡金相似,尼泊尔应该汲取历史教训。

尼泊尔内部乱局难解

虽然形势严峻,但尼泊尔各政治势力都不太愿意使用封锁一词来描述印度对尼泊尔所进行的非正式禁运,或者不太敢于这么说。甚至有媒体发表评论,建议尼泊尔寻求从孟加拉获得燃料,而不要接受中国的援助,称期待中国进行援助而不要回报是天真的,中国会提高其在尼泊尔的影响力将会给尼泊尔带来灾难云云。

在中国紧急援助尼泊尔的第一批汽油在吉隆交接之后,尼泊尔南部特莱平原的马德西抗议族群的青年学生,焚烧中国国旗,抗议中国,认为中国向尼泊尔提供石油援助是干涉尼泊尔内政。也就是说,历史上就不太团结的北部山地民族和南部特莱平原的马德西人、塔鲁人和贾纳加提人等,在新宪法通过后,裂痕进一步加剧。中国对尼外交,也需要考虑印度和尼泊尔南部马德西人、塔鲁族人的需求,对其合理诉求予以支持。

尼泊尔南部特莱平原的马德西各政党不满新宪法而组织的抗议活动至今已经持续四个半月,印度对尼泊尔的非正式经济封锁也近四个月。无论是苏希尔·柯伊拉腊领导的大会党政府,还是新宪法产生后被寄以厚望的由尼泊尔共产党(联合马列)主席奥利领导的新政府,都未能有效解决危机。印度封锁造成尼泊尔人民生活苦不堪言,震后重建更是毫无进展,甚至有灾民因为得不到安置而冻死。

与此同时,奥利迫于执政联盟要求分享权力的压力,不得不一再扩大内阁,目前已经有40位部长,其中包括六位副总理兼任,成为尼泊尔史上最庞大的政府。这引发广泛批评。尼泊尔大会党,作为议会第一大党,曾经与尼泊尔共产党(联合马列)联合执政,但是新宪法通过后却成了在野的反对党,对执政的联合马列和毛派不予配合。

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