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《清明上河图》身世传奇:多次入宫 曾遭劫被调包

2018-08-21 10:44:41   北京晚报 

比如,孔宪易先生在1981年《美术》杂志第二期上发表《清明上河图的“清明”质疑》一文,列举了八项理由,认定《清明上河图》上所绘是秋景。

一、画卷右首有驮负10篓木炭的驴子。若说清明节前后进暖炉炭,则违背了宋人生活习俗。

二、画面有一农家短篱内长满了像茄子一类的作物,更有几名孩童赤身嬉戏追逐,这些都不可能是清明时节的事物。

三、画面上的人物拿扇者有十多人,有扇风状,有遮阳状。常识告诉人们伏天用扇,初春用扇者极少见。

四、草帽、竹笠在画面上多处出现。草帽、竹笠是御暑、御雨的东西,图中既然不下雨,这当是御暑用的,清明节似无此必要。

五、画面上酒肆多处,酒旗上写着“新酒”二字。宋代新谷下来要酿酒喜庆丰收,不然无新酒可言。

六、画面上有一处招牌上写着“口暑饮子”这样的小茶水摊。如果“暑”字不错的话,这足以说明它的季节。

七、河岸及桥上有好几处小贩的货桌上都摆着切开的西瓜,宋时古都汴梁的早春乍暖还寒,不大可能有西瓜一类鲜果。

八、画面上乘轿、骑马者带着仆从的行列,虽然有上坟扫墓的可能,倒不如说是秋猎而归更恰当些。

也许正是因为有这样的疑问,因此有人提出,《清明上河图》中的“清明”二字,可以指的是“清明坊”的地名,或者干脆就是“清明盛世”的意思。

(本文写作参考野岛刚《谜一样的清明上河图》、郑建斌《解密传世国宝》、孔永《不朽的北宋风俗画卷》等,特此致谢。)

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030、闫宪宝 CN066
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