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揭秘《清明上河图》历史密码:繁荣背后藏暗线

2018-07-11 09:45:39   光明网 

揭秘《清明上河图》历史密码:繁荣背后藏暗线  

原标题:解开《清明上河图》的历史密码——访故宫博物院研究室主任余辉

“宋本”《清明上河图》中,城墙上下没有一个守卫,土墙上面也没有任何城防工事,射箭的城垛也没有,甚至连虚设的城防都没有,整个汴京正沉浸在浓厚的商贸气氛中,完全是一座不设防的都城。这些细节真实地反映了宋徽宗朝初期已日渐衰败的军事实力和日趋淡漠的防范意识。

“明本”和“清院本”《清明上河图》在时间上淡化了清明节这个感伤的日子,甚至在卷首就出现了嫁娶的喜庆之事……日前,故宫博物院研究室主任余辉为读者解开了《清明上河图》的历史密码。

“清明上河”是种绘画题材存世数百个版本,三本最精

自北宋张择端的《清明上河图》卷问世之后,特别是明清以来,画界代代不乏追随者。以“清明上河”为题材的长卷,留存至今的宋元明清本可达数百本之多,分藏于公私之家,遍布在世界各地,东亚、欧美都有各种版本的《清明上河图》卷。仅故宫博物院就收藏有7个版本。

毋庸置疑,现藏于故宫博物院的北宋张择端的《清明上河图》是所有版本中最好的。余辉介绍,作为翰林图画院的画家,张择端奉宋徽宗命绘制该图,堪称是古代表现社会生活最为丰富和广阔、意蕴最为深厚、感染力最强的风俗画长卷,“是中国古代艺术史上最为浓重的一笔。”余辉说。

明清时代,最具代表性的“清明上河”版本有两个,相对于张择端的“宋本”,它们被称为“明本”和“清本”,均是清宫旧藏。

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