四大春老大花汉春考古:化妆这件事是怎么开始的?

2018-12-24 17:19:11   消费日报网 

京剧名伶王凤卿在接受《立言画刊》(1941年第161期)采访录《名伶访问记:王凤卿》中回忆起当年这些老牌化妆品,也是啧啧称叹:“年乃师演关戏为揉脸,当年用老云香阁之银珠油揉抹,个人得师傅亦遵照此法。近年偶演关戏,市上花汉冲香铺尚有‘银珠油’”。

那追溯到最上古时期,化妆这件事,是怎么开始的呢?化妆的起源一般来说来源于宗教、保护、装饰等几个方面。化妆的起源仅用一种学说就难以作出完整的解释,各个社会时期的主导文化不同其起源说也各不相同。

宗教学:是一种宗教行为,用颜色或颜料祛病免灾,祈祷平安,宗教学开始提出化妆学说。

保护学(伪装学):人类为了从某种环境中保护自身,伪装或隐蔽身体,最后这种保护装扮发展成美化手段。

装饰学:原始人从自然中受到启发,把花、动物等图案以纹身的形式画在皮肤上装点了皮肤。

标志身份学:为表示地位或阶级、性别或未婚和已婚等,以集体或个人的形式人们开始了化妆。

追求异性学:为了在异性面前展现自己的魅力而开始装饰身体的学说叫做追求异性学,男女之间的爱情,不管古代或现代都是促进社会发展的推动力。

伪装学:古代人用动物的羽毛或尖嘴、动物骨头、植物色素来修饰脸部和身体,一球获得战争胜利,称这种学说为伪装学。

然而不管出发点是哪个,从什么时候开始女人们开始描眉画唇还是有典可考的。虽然《诗经》成书的时间仍未有定论,它里面不但有丰富的史料和有关世风的内容,对于女子的化妆习惯也有一定的描述,例如“自伯之江,首如飞蓬。岂无膏沐?谁适为容。”意思大概是她之所以不怎么打扮自己不是因为没有化妆品,而是丈夫出了远门,装扮起来也不知道给谁看。可见,当时妇女修饰妆容这样的事情已经很普及了。

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