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媒体:别再拿“彭宇案”当见危不救的挡箭牌

2017-06-16 08:45:44   中国网

原标题:这才是彭宇案的真相!别再拿它当见危不救的挡箭牌|内参快评

6月15日,最高人民法院官微转发了《人民法院报》一篇文章,题为《十年前彭宇案的真相是什么?》,细述了一直以来不时被舆论提及的“彭宇案”的真相。文章刊发的大背景就是近年来在各地反复上演的路人对遇险者“作壁上观”现象。而前段时间,河南驻马店某女子被车撞倒后,路过行车和行人未及时相救,遭二次碾压后身亡的悲剧,更让舆论回忆起了当年的彭宇案。

多年过去,“彭宇案”之所以还能保持如此“热度”,恐怕还归因于公众从此案的审理中,得出了“谬论”,即,法律不保护好人做好事。尽管从后来披露的信息看,法院认定彭宇与老太太相撞有“优势证据”,而彭宇之后也承认了确实和老太太发生过相撞,但经历了该事件的“反转”与“质疑”,“扶不扶”似乎已经成为一个“悖论”:提供救助怕被对方反咬一口,不提供救助又面临良心谴责。

这种颇为尴尬的局面,显然不是法治社会所乐见的结果。尽管当时的立法和司法足以还原真相、公正裁决,但“彭宇案”在审理过程中的确也暴露了立法存在的不足。倘若为见义勇为者限定法律责任的“天花板”,为他们消除维权上的后顾之忧,人们在挺身而出时,也会减少许多顾虑。

当然,舆论的担忧,要放大的是见危施救的“责任成本”问题。而在现实中,不乏救助者因施救而身患重病甚至身亡,却遭遇被救者冷漠以对的事例,救济不到位的现实,令人寒心,也不利于人们继续奉献爱心。

对于上述“短板”,新近通过的《民法总则》发出了铿锵回音。该法第183条规定:“因保护他人民事权益使自己受到损害的,由侵权人承担民事责任,受益人可以给予适当补偿。没有侵权人、侵权人逃逸或者无力承担民事责任,受害人请求补偿的,受益人应当给予适当补偿。”第184条则规定:“因自愿实施紧急救助行为造成受助人损害的,救助人不承担民事责任。”

如果说前者以民法的公平原则,为见义勇为者解除“救济之忧”,后者则是以民法“慈母般的眼神”,直接免除了救助人的法律责任。从法理上看,救助人“无条件”地不承担民事责任,不无“绝对”之嫌,但为匡正社会风气计,从法律上给予善行以有力支持,立法体现了鼓励见义勇为的立法精神。

这种立法产生的效果,不仅是在司法层面的,更是在社会层面的。立法的重大突破之举,向整个社会释放出强烈讯号,就是国家法律支持公民善行,当公民为集体或个人利益“见危施救”,不但可以免除个体责任的“瑕疵”,更能得到法律的有力救济,不至于再现“英雄流血又流泪”的尴尬。

再看地方性立法,同样朝着支持见危施救者给力。近年来,各地类似《奖励和保护见义勇为人员条例》立法不少,从国家到地方,不断完善对救助者的奖励、保护长效机制,终将形成一个健全的法规保障体系。这些立法努力也让“彭宇案”作为“挡箭牌”的说辞,变得愈加无力。

法律的真正目的是什么?意大利法学家阿奎那如是说:“诱导那些受法律支配的人求得他们自己的德行。”扶危济困、见义勇为的“德行”,不能光靠内心的道德自律,更应得到法律的引导和保障,如此,类似“彭宇案”“小悦悦案”“女子二次遭碾压案”等,才会淡出我们的视野,社会风气才会真正好起来。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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