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中国量子卫星实现“一步千里”的世界跨越

2017-06-16 08:38:52   人民政协网

原标题:中国量子卫星实现“一步千里”的世界跨越

新华社华盛顿6月15日电(记者林小春黄堃)从百公里到千公里,中国“墨子号”量子卫星将量子纠缠分发的世界纪录提高了一个数量级。

15日发布的美国《科学》杂志封面上,“墨子号”从星空向地面发出两道光,宛如两条长腿跨出一大步,也象征量子通信向实用迈近一大步。杂志刊发了中国科学技术大学教授、量子卫星项目首席科学家潘建伟等人的论文。

量子纠缠是奇特的量子力学现象。通俗地说,两个处于纠缠状态的量子就像有“心灵感应”,无论相隔多远,一个量子状态变化,另一个也会改变。爱因斯坦称之为“鬼魅般的远距作用”。

量子纠缠分发,就是将一对有“感应”的量子分置于两地。这尤其适用于保密通信,在此基础上的量子通信技术被誉为信息安全“终极武器”。

潘建伟对新华社记者说:“这项工作为未来开展大尺度量子网络和量子通信实验研究,以及开展外太空广义相对论、量子引力等物理学基本原理的实验检验奠定了可靠的技术基础。”

《科学》杂志在一份简介中将这项中国科学家独立完成的工作称为“一项里程碑式的研究”。论文审稿人认为,这一成果是“兼具潜在实际应用和基础科研重要性的重大技术成就”、“毫无疑问将在学术界和广大社会公众中产生非常巨大的影响”。

这篇题为《基于卫星的纠缠分发距离超过1200公里》的论文说,通过“墨子号”向地面发射光子,每对处于纠缠状态的光子中的一个发向青海德令哈站,另一个发向云南丽江站,两个地面站之间的距离达到1203公里。这是世界上首次实现千公里量级的量子纠缠。

“墨子号”科学应用系统总设计师彭承志说:“这是量子卫星上天以来迄今为止发布的最大成果。”

要让量子通信实用化,需要实现量子纠缠的远距离分发。但量子地面传输无论通过光纤或大气都有较大信号损耗,此前国内外地面实验的分发距离一直停留在百公里量级。

解决这个问题的一个有效办法就是利用卫星向地面分发。作为世界首颗量子科学实验卫星,“墨子号”星地纠缠分发的传输衰减仅是同样距离地面衰减的万亿分之一。但这种方式对精度要求极高,好比从万米高空飞机上扔下一连串硬币,在地面用存钱罐接住。

“这项工作是纠缠分发技术的一个真正突破,”美国麻省理工学院凯克极限量子信息理论中心主任塞思·劳埃德告诉新华社记者,“这项实验表明远距离量子通信确实在技术上可行,让人们看到了在不久的未来构建远程量子通信的希望。”(完)

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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