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海昏侯夫人墓最快8月发掘 曾被盗墓贼“光顾”

2017-06-09 05:21:36   新京报

主墓发掘、棺板已开,位于江西南昌远郊的海昏侯墓考古工地,如今已回归了沉寂。但在白色的文物保护用房内,工作人员仍在忙碌,考古发掘、保护与研究并未停止。

6月5日,新京报记者从江西省考古研究院获悉,国家文物局已经批准了对海昏侯夫人墓的发掘,目前他们正在对发掘方案进行完善,发掘工作最快8月开始。

2015年11月16日,文物保护人员正在对西汉海昏侯墓出土的竹简进行清理修复工作。

西汉海昏侯墓发掘现场。新京报记者侯少卿摄

发掘至少需要两年时间

考古领队杨军称,夫人墓的发掘最快将在八九月开始,由于夫人墓的体量与海昏侯墓相当,发掘至少需要两年时间。

在海昏侯墓园内可以看到,海昏侯墓和侯夫人墓占据了墓园最高亢、中心的位置,西为海昏侯墓,东为侯夫人墓。其他墓葬与车马坑则错落有致地分布在它们周围。

现在夫人墓已经用黑色遮阳布遮盖起来,部分区域长出了荒草,封土靠近顶部的位置,能看到中间有一个幽深的盗洞。2011年,海昏侯夫人墓曾被盗墓贼“光顾”。现在盗洞已经被钢架和木板保护起来。

竹简或有失传1800年的《齐论语》

发掘之外,文物保护也在同时进行。在16摄氏度、恒温恒湿的文物保护用房内,墓中出土的5000多枚竹简已经进行了剥离、清理,目前静置于水中。

清理竹简的一位工作人员介绍,竹简的文保工作包括以下几个流程,首先是发掘阶段的提取,再是保护阶段的清理、剥离和洗简、加固、脱色等程序,最后才是用高清照片来进行文字释读。

杨军说,现在竹简正处于保护阶段。在竹简剥离后,工作人员曾经进行了一次初期的红外扫描。在这次扫描中,他们辨认出竹简中有《论语》、《易经》、《礼记》、《孝经》等儒家经典,还有《六博棋谱》、《悼亡赋》及养生类医书。

此次发现的《论语》,专家推测为失传1800年的《齐论语》,其中有一篇《知道篇》,在现行《论语》中没有,这一发现被网友戏称“有生之年居然能看到《论语》更新”。

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