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西媒:40年中国高考制度依然公平不问出身只看才华

2017-06-09 01:16:29   参考消息

参考消息网6月9日报道 西媒称,6月7日高考在全中国展开。高考制度在中国被称为最公平选拔高等人才的方式。

西班牙《国家报》6月7日以《中国高考四十年》为题报道,该报记者采访了高考生小陈(音)和小杨(音)及其家庭。男生小陈和女生小杨已经为高考夜以继日地准备了数月时间。他们为自己制定的目标分别是考上清华大学的机械工程专业和医学专业。

当被问到每天学习多久时,他们给出了相同的答案:除了吃饭睡觉,都在学习。两人都是头脑聪颖、勤奋刻苦的好学生,但小陈还比小杨有一个优势:他出生在首都北京。

报道称,包括小陈和小杨在内,今年将有940万考生参加高考。除了考生积极备战,考生家庭也如临大敌,中国家长普遍认为只有高考考出好成绩才能保证孩子有个好前途。很多考生都是家中的独生子女,因此更受重视。有人说,高考是中国少有的不问出身、只看成绩的选拔考试,因此越是普通家庭的孩子越要珍惜这次机会。具有真才实学的考生能够通过高考脱颖而出。

小陈对自己的实力很有信心。他在清华大学的附属中学读书,这里硬件设施过硬,每个教室中只有30多名学生,每天都能得到包括外国教师在内的高水平教师的指点。每年这所知名中学都有数百名毕业生考入全国重点院校,特别是清华大学和北京大学。小陈在距离高考还有几周的时候表示,虽然自己并没有十分把握,但是如果当天发挥正常,成绩应该令人满意。

小杨的学校位于河南驻马店,在学校的大厅里挂着一张7年前考入北京大学的学生照片。这个学生是这所学校历史上唯一一个考入北大的学生。每个班级至少挤进了50个学生。学校不久前才建立了一所图书馆。小杨的父母在接受采访时表示,老师说她是该校近年来少有的好学生,但却不能保证她最终能够如愿考入清华大学。

报道称,在中国,一所学校能够获得多少教育经费在一定程度上取决于学生的高考成绩。成绩突出的学校能够获得更多经费,也就能够聘请到更优秀的教师,并且有更多资金改善教学硬件水平。这导致农村地区的教育水平与城市地区越来越大。因为考生的录取分数线与生源地有着密不可分的关系。专家指出,高考本身是一个公平的制度,现在所需的并不是改变高考,而是建立合理的教育经费分配制度。

对于小杨来说,不只是学校的教育水平不利于她的发展,高校的招生名额分配方法也不利于她实现“清华梦”。中国的大专院校会根据不同省份或自治区调整招生名额,因此考生要与本省或自治区的同学展开激烈竞争,才能抢得高校分配的名额。当局称,这种分配制度能够保障欠发达地区的学生至少能有机会进入水平高的高校。

小陈在第一次和第二次模拟考试当中分别取得了671分和705分,而小杨的成绩则是665分和693分。如果在高考中能够保持这个水平,他们一定能够考上很好的大学,但距离清华大学可能还有些距离。(编译/刘丽菲)

6月7日,家长在河南林州一中南校考点外等候考生。新华社记者李博摄

责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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